Med Terms Module V

cardiac cycle

one complete heartbeat that includes contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria and both ventricles

cardiovascular system

composed of the heart and blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and carry away cellular wastes

heart

hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels blood through the arteries

apex

lower pointed end of the heart formed by the left ventricle

coronary circulation

blood supply to the heart tissue

septum

wall of the heart tissue separating the left and right sides

atrium

upper receiving chamber of the heart; left and right

ventricle

lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

myocardium

middle muscular layer of heart tissue

epicardium

outer lining of the heart

pericardium

sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and aorta

mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

pulmonary valve

heart valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, aka semilunar valve due to half-moon shape of its three cups

tricuspid valve

heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

blood vessels

tubular structures that transport blood

capillary

microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between blood and cells of the body

lumen

interior space of a vessel

aorta

largest artery that begins as an arch from the left ventricle than branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities; carries oxygenated blood away from the hear

artery

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

arteriole

small artery that connects an artery to a capillary

inferior vena cava

large vein carrying blood to the heart from the lower part of the body

superior vena cava

large vein carrying blood to the heart from the upper part of the body

venule

small vein that connects a capillary to a vein

vein

vessel carrying blood to the heart

lymph

clear fluid consisting of fluctuating amounts of white blood cells and a few red blood cells; bathes tissues and is removed by the lymph capillaries

lymph nodes (glands)

small bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph; located on larger lymph vessels in the cervical, mediastinal, axillary, and inguinal regions

lymphatic vessels

vessels transporting lymph from body tissues the venous system

lymph capillaries

microscopic thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph, proteins, and waste from the body tissues

lymph ducts

the largest lymphatic vessels that transport lymph to the venous system; right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

angi/o

vessel, vascular (combining form)

aort/o

aorta (combining form)

arteri/o

artery (combining form)

ather/o

fatty, fatty deposit (combining form)

atri/o

atrium (combining form)

cardi/o

heart (combining form)

corono/o

encircling, crown (combining form)

electr/o

electric, electricity (combining form)

my/o

muscle (combining form)

phleb/o

vein (combining form)

pulmon/o

lung (combining form)

scler/o

hard (combining form)

son/o

sound (combining form)

sphygm/o

pulse (combining form)

steth/o

chest (combining form)

thorac/o

chest, thorax (combining form)

thromb/o

blood clot (combining form)

valv/o, valvul/o

valve (combining form)

varic/o

sollen or twisted vein (combining form)

ven/i, ven/o

veins (combining form)

ventricul/o

normal cavity, ventricle (combining form)

aden/o

gland (combining form)

lymph/o

lymph (combining form)

brady-

slow (prefix)

de-

away from, cessation, without (prefix)

endo-

in, within (prefix)

epi-

on, following (prefix)

inter-

between (prefix)

intra-

within (prefix)

peri-

around, surrounding (prefix)

tachy-

rapid, fast (prefix)

tel-

end (prefix)

trans-

across, through (prefix)

tri-

three (prefix)

-al, -ar, -ary, -ic

pertaining to (suffix)

-ectasia

dilation, stretching (suffix)

-gram

record, recording (suffix)

-graph

instrument for recording (suffix)

-graphy

recording, writing, description (suffix)

-icle, -ole, -ule

small (suffix)

-lytic

pertaining to destruction, breakdown, separation (suffix)

-ium

tissue, structure (suffix)

-stenosis

stricture, narrowing

-oid

resembling (suffix)

arteriovenous (AV)

relating to both an artery and a vein or both arteries and veins in general

atrioventricular (AV)

relating to both the atria and the ventricles of the heart

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

constriction

contracted or narrowed portion of a structure

cyanotic

pertaining to a blue or purple discoloration due to deoxygenated blood

deoxygenate

to remove oxygen

diastole

the relaxation phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood

ischemic

pertaining to a lack of blood flow

oxygenate

to add oxygen

paroxysmal

sudden

patent

open or exposed

precordial

pertaining to the portion of body over the heart and the anterior lower chest

sphygmic

pertaining to the pulse

stenotic

pertaining to the condition of narrowing

supraventricular

pertaining to above the ventricles

systole

the contraction phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries and ventricles

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

thrombotic

pertaining to a thrombus or blood clot

varicose

pertaining to a swollen or twisted vein

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia

aneurysm

dilation of an artery, usually due to a weakness in the wall of the artery

angina pectoris

chest pain or pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium

angiostenosis

narrowing of a blood vessel

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aortic valve opening

arteriosclerosis (ASHD)

hardening or lass of elasticity of the arteries