Adaptive Responses to Stress

Flashcards summarizing key concepts related to adaptive responses to stress at the cellular level.

Atrophy

Decrease in size of cells; can be due to loss of nerve fibers.

Hypertrophy

Increase/enlargement of cells due to increased protein or cell components.

Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of cells, often seen in conditions like endometrial hyperplasia.

Metaplasia

Replacement of one tissue type with another, requiring genetic reprogramming.

Dysplasia

Abnormal growth of cells with abnormal histology, still attached to the basement membrane.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that affects single cells and has no inflammatory response.

Necrosis

Abnormal cell death that triggers an inflammatory response in the host.

Hypoxia

Oxygen deprivation affecting cellular respiration.

Ischemia

Lack of blood flow that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells.

Anoxia

Complete lack of oxygen in tissues.

Free Radicals

Oxidative stress particles that can cause cellular and membrane damage.

Neoplasia

Uncontrolled, abnormal cell growth that may not revert without intervention.