Philosophy Chapter 9

Which view about truth is common to all pragmatists?

Truth is relative to place, time and purpose

What does philosophic analysis attempt to do?

reduce complex, philosophically propositions into simpler one

Which is not true of Richard Rorty?

He believes in necessary starting points for rational standards

What determines the meaning of a proposition, according to the logical positivists?

the possible observations that would verify it

According to logical atomism, what does the world ultimately consist of?

atomic facts

Which best expresses phenomenalism as a metaphyical theory?

physical objects equivalent to sense data

According to the epistemological foundationalist, when is a belief knowledge?

when it logically follows from propositions that are incorrigible

Antirepresentationalists like Richard Rorty always deny this claim.

True beliefs somehow picture or mirror reality

Which of the following is an ontological debated issue?

whether selves exist

True/False: John Dewey was primarily interested in fixed metaphysical issues

False

True/False: The logical positivists rejected metaphysical and moral claims as meaningless

true

True/False: Bertrand Russell argued that the world is an all encompassing Hegaliam Oneness and a single atomic fact

false

True/False: Phenomenalists believe that there are no physical objects, just sense data.

false

True/False: The perceived failure of phenomenalism led philosophers like Richard Rorty to adopt a foundationalist view of knowledge.

False

True/False: Rorty adopts a non realist, non representationalist conception of truth as that which are simply praising that belief as having been proven relative to our standards of rationality

true

True/False: According to W.V.O. Quine, a true synthetic statement is one that holds "contingently" and a true analytic statement is one that holds, "come what may"

true

True/False: According to ontological realism ontological investigation can disclose objective truth

True

___ ___ was an instrumentalist who claimed thinking is not a search for 'truth' but rather aimed at solving practical problems

John Dewey

___ ___ said that 'the whole function of philosophy ought to be to find out what definite differences it will make to you and me, at definite instances of our life, if the world-formula or that world-formula be the true one

William James

__ ___ rejected the theory of naming known as descriptivism; held that not all necessary truths are a priori truths, that there are not contingent identity statements, and that names for mental states cannot possibly denote brain states

Saul Kripke

___ ___ held that analysis is the key to metaphysical truth and sought connection between "hard" data given in sensory experience and supposedly external physical objects

Bertrand russel

__ __ derived a metaphysics of logical atomism from a consideration of the relationship of language and the world

Ludwig Wittgenstein

____ is a philosophy that denies that the mind or language contains or is a representation of reality

antirepresentationalism

___ is the doctrine that a belief qualifies as knowledge only if it logically follows from propositions that are incorrigible

Foundationalism

___ is the doctrine that what a thing is must be understood and analyzed not by what it is made of but by its function

Functonalism

____ is a theory held by john dewey, among others, that ideas, judgments, and propositions are not merely true or false; rather they are tools to understand experience and solve problems

Instrumentalism

___ is the branch of metaphysics that deals with the study of existence or being

ontology

Richard Rorty maintains that, even though each culture has its own constraints on inquiry (standards of rational discourse), there are universal constraints on inquiry that define the objective standpoint for everyone. (TRUE OF FALSE)

False

According to W. V. O. Quine, physical objects are theoretical posits, not constructs of sense-data. (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

According to ontological realism, ontological investigation can disclose objective truth. (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

The logical positivists rejected metaphysical and moral claims as meaningless nonsense. (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Indeterminacy of translation is the idea that alternative incompatible translations of a language are equally compatible with the linguistic behavior of adherents or speakers. (TRUE OF FLASE)

True

According to Saul Kripke, the meaning of a proper name for a thing is synonymous with a description of the thing. (TRUE OR FALSE)

False

John Dewey was primarily interested in abstract metaphysical issues. (TRUE OR FALSE)

False

The perceived failure of phenomenalism led philosophers like Richard Rorty to adopt a foundationalist view of knowledge. (TRUE OR FLASE)

False

Rorty adopts a nonrealist, nonrepresentationalist conception of truth as that which meets the current standards of rationality of a particular group of speakers. (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Bertrand Russell argued that the world consists of many independent atomic facts rather than a single all-encompassing Hegelian Oneness. (TRUE OR FALSE)

False

Ludwig Wittgenstein rejected his own ideas in Tractatus as resting on an incorrect portrayal of the relation of language to the world. (TRUE OR FALSE)

True

Phenomenalists believe that there are no physical objects, just sense-data. (TRUE OR FALSE)

False