CSDS 101: Final Exam

Definition and Example of Cognates

pairs of phonemes with same place, same manner, but voicing differs /p, b/

Definition and Example of Homorganic Relationship

Phonemes with same place but different manner /m, b/

Definition and Example of Syllabics

Consonants with vowel-like qualities /m̩ / /n̩ / /ŋ̩ / /l̩ /

Definition of Fricatives

Phonemes produced when the breathstream passes through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract

Fricatives

/s/ /z/ /f/ /v/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /ɵ/ /ð/ /h/ /ʍ/

Definition of Affricates

Phoneme that involve the combination of a stop-consonant immediately followed by a fricative

Affricates

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

Definition and Examples of Approximants

the minimal obstruction of the vocal tract resulting in liquid and glides /r, l/ /w, j/

Definition of Liquids

consonants produced with minimal friction and smooth movement

Liquids

/r, l/

Definition of Glides

articulators move in a smooth gliding motion

Glides

/w, j/

Definition and Example of Dialect (complete this)

speech or language variation

Definition and Example of Accent (complete this)

speech that has characteristics of a foreign dialect

Four variations in production of /t/

voiced, glottal stop, intruded, stop/unreleased

Interdental/frontal lisp

Occurs when the tongue sticks out between the front teeth makes /s/ or /z/ sound like th

Lateral Lisp

Occurs when air escapes from the sides of the tongue, sounds wet or slushy

3 rules of the use of syllabic consonants

Typically preceded by consonants, occur in unstressed syllables, and often occur in homorganic relationship with the previous consonant

3 components that impact stress

higher amplitude, longer duration of the syllable nucleus, and higher frequency

Number of Syllables and Primary Stress Syllable in the word Umbrella

3 syllables 2nd stressed

Number of Syllables and Primary Stress Syllable in the word Wonderful

3 syllables 1st stressed

Number of Syllables and Primary Stress Syllable in the word Pathologist

4 syllables 2nd stressed

Diacritic marker used to represent primary stress

[ˈ ]

Diacritic marker used to represent secondary stress

[ˌ ]

Diacritic marker used to represent lengthening

[:]

Diacritic marker used to represent voicing

[t̬ ]

Diacritic marker used to represent syllabic

[m̩ ]

What are the two types of accommodation?

assimilation and coarticulation

Define and example of progressive assimilation

A result of sounds the occur earlier in a word impacting production of later occurring phonemes

i.e. dogs [dɑgz]

Define and example of regressive assimilation

A result of sounds that occur later in a word impacting the production of earlier occurring phonemes

i.e. bank [beŋk]

Define and example of elision

The omission of a typically unstressed consonant, vowel, or syllable

i.e. veteran [vɛtrɪn]

Define and example of intrusion

The addition of new phonemes: intruded /t/

i.e. dance [dænᵗs]

Difference between assimilation and coarticulation

Assimilation are major changes in the production of a phoneme. Coarticulation are minor changes in phoneme production.

/p/

P: Bilabial

M: Stop Consonant

Voiceless

/b/

P: Bilabial

M: Stop consonant

Voiced

/m/

P: bilabial

M: nasal

Voiced

/w/

P: bilabial

M: glide

Voiced

/f/

P: Labiodental

M: fricative

Voiceless

/v/

P: Labiodental

M: fricative

Voiced

/ɵ/

P: Lingua-dental

M: Fricative

Voiceless

/ð/

P: Lingua-dental

M: fricative

Voiced

/t/

P: lingua-alveolar

M: Stop consonant

Voiceless

/d/

P: Lingua-alveolar

M: Stop consonant

Voiced

/n/

P: Lingua-alveolar

M: Nasal

Voiced

/l/

P: Lingua-alveolar

M: Liquid

Voiced

/s/

P: lingua-alveolar

M: Fricative

Voiceless

/z/

P: lingua-alveolar

M: Fricative

Voiced

/r/

P: Lingua-palatal/alveolar

M: Liquid

Voiced

/ʃ/

P: lingua-palatal

M: Fricative

Voiceless

/ʒ/

P: Lingua-palatal

M: Fricative

Voiced

/tʃ/

P: Lingua-palatal

M: Affricate

Voiceless

/dʒ/

P: Lingua-palatal

M: Affricate

Voiced

/k/

P: lingua-velar

M: Stop consonant

Voiceless

/g/

P: lingua-velar

M: Stop consonant

Voiced

/ŋ/

P: Lingua-velar

M: Nasal

Voiced

/h/

P: glottal

M: Fricative

Voiceless

/j/

P: lingua-palatal

M: glide

Voiced