period 2 - apush

mercantilism

nation’s must maximize exports and minimize imports toe accumulate as much wealth as possible

joint stock company

investors would only lose a little, but all share in profits, allowed more money to explore the new world

house of burgesses

assembly of elected representatives from Virginia, granted supplies and originated laws, and the governor and council enjoyed the right of revision and veto as did the king and the House of Lords in England. The council also sat as a supreme court to review the county courts.

indentured servants

voluntary mortgaging labor for years to pay for the trip to america, exchange for rewards and to later get out of debt

salutary neglect

pattern of on and off control by england

navigation acts

1660, limited colonists ti buying, selling, and shipping through British ships as well as taxing the colonists, acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.

barbados slave codes

denied fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters complete control to keep the slaves from rebelling.developed to define the way of life for slaves in the Caribbean island of Barbados. -denied rights to slaves and allowed them to be classified as property instead of people. -set the stage for the rise of slavery in the American colonies.

protestant reformation

started by Martin Luther, fire of religious reform that spread across europe, started on 31 October 1517 with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses

predestination

idea that God has already decided if you are going to heaven or hell, if he reached out to you in a vision, you must convert and act as a visible saint

mayflower compact

document from pilgrims stating they will follow rules of governor, an agreement that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in Plymouth Colony.

congregational church

church system where each local church served as the center of its own community, let to democracy in government, self government became popular

town meetings

gatherings where officers are elected, budgets approved, business conducted, offered a striking level of popular participation, nearly every adult male could speak and vote, although women were denied this privilege. this was most direct form of democracy in America and town meetings are still held in some New England towns today.

new England confederation

created for defense against natives, French, dutch

dominion of new england

In 1686, King James II of England, the Privy Council, and the Lords of Trade decided to merge the colonies in New England together under a single government, treamline English oversight of the colonies and give England more control over trade, land titles, and coordination of colonial defenses.

quakers

peaceful, pacifists, rejected elaborate religious ceremonies, didn't have official clergy and believed in spiritual equality for men and women. played a key role in both the abolitionist and women's rights movements

triangular trade

routes America, Africa, and Europe used to trade goods and slaves.
European ships brought manufactured goods, weapons, even liquor to Africa in exchange for slaves; on the second, they transported African men, women, and children to the Americas to serve as slaves; and on the third leg, they exported to Europe the sugar, rum, cotton, and tobacco produced by the enslaved labor force

angle powhatan wars

3 wars fought between the English settlers of Virginia and the Indians of the Powhatan confederacy
resulted in the defeat of the Powhatan Confederacy and the expansion of English colonial control in the region.

king Philip’s war

natives tried to push colonists back into the ocean, colonists won and stayed

tuscarora war

conflict between native Americans and colonists over colonists taking their land. tuscaroras were defeated and forced to leave the land

half way covenant

created by the Puritans as a way of addressing declining piety. It allowed the children of Half-Way members who were not full Church members to be baptized and get various rights and freedoms in the process.

bacon’s rebellion

colonists didn’t like Berkeley’s soft approach towards the natives, so they attacked Jamestown
It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley, after Berkeley refused Bacon's request to drive Native American Indians out of Virginia.

the great awakening

george whitefield, jonathan edwards, preachers who caused religious revivals, united all the colonies for the first time

evangelicism

emphasizing salvation by faith in the atoning death of Jesus Christ through personal conversion, the authority of Scripture, and the importance of preaching as contrasted with ritual.