BLOOD CHAPTER ONE

circulatory system components

heart, blood vessels, blood

cardiovascular system components

heart and blood vessels

functions of circulatory system (blood)

transport, protection , and regulation

what is transported in the circulatory system

nutrients, waste, hormones are dissolved and transported, dissolved gasses

how does the circulatory system protect

inflammation, limit spread of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiate clotting to prevent further loss of blood.

how does the circulatory system regulate

fluid balance, stabilizes PH of ECF, and temp control

hematology

study of blood

adult males have how many liters of blood

5-6 L

adult females have how many liters of blood

4-5 L

what kind of tissue is blood

specialized connective tissue, liquid connective tissue

erythrocytes are

Red blood cells

platelets are

cell fragments from cells in bone marrow known as megakaryocytes

leukocytes

white blood cells

granuloctyes

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

agranulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

plasma is __% of whole blood

55

leukocytes and platelets is __% of whole blood

<1

erythrocytes is __% of whole blood

45%

hematocrit

the percentage of the volume of blood that contains erythrocytes

what is the most abundant plasma protein

albumin

these plasma proteins are mostly made by what organ

liver

what does albumin function as

carrier module, blood buffer, contributes to plasma osmotic pressure

what are the three categories of plasma proteins

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

albumins

smallest, most abundant, contribute to viscosity and osmolarity, influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid balance, transports hormones

globulins

provide immune system functions, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins

fibrinogen

soluble precursor of fibrin that help form blood clots by linking platelets

hemopoiesis

the process of producing formed elements

hemoglobin makes up __% of erythrocyte cell volume

97

blood

specialized connective tissue that contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix

PH of blood

7.35-7.45

Fractionation

process of separating whole blood into plasma and formed elements

plasma makes up between __%-__% of volume

46 and 63

contents of plasma

92% of water, plasma proteins, nutrients, wastes, electrolytes,

Blood for analysis is usually collected from veins by this method

venipuncture

Arterial puncture

collection of blood from an artery for blood gas analysis

adult male has RBC count of

4.5-6.3 million

adult female has RBC of

4.2-5.5 million

PCV (packed cell volume)

the percentage of all formed elements in a sample of whole blood

what is a normal hematocrit percentage

37-54%

Anucleate

lack off a nuclei

what is the structure of a RBC

biconcave discs, small highly specialized cells, large surface-area-to-volume ratio to quickly absorb and release oxygen, flexible, lack mitochondria and ribosomes, Unable to divide, synthesize proteins, or repair damage

Heme

iron containing pigment in each polypeptide

anemia

condition that results from low hematocrit or reduced H b content

RBC

lifespan of 120 days, cannot repair,

Erythropoiesis

red blood cell formation In embryos, blood forms in the vessels of the embryonic yolk sac

Blood doping

dangerous practice used by some athletes to re-infuse packed R B C s to elevate hematocrit

Hemoglobinuria

red or brown urine due to high H b content (abnormally high hemolysis)

Hematuria

RBCs in the urine due to kidney or blood vessel damage

Jaundice

is a yellow coloration of the skin and eyes caused by a buildup of bilirubin

4 types of blood

A,B,AB,O

Antibodies

globulins in plasma which attack foreign antigens

characteristics of WBC

All can migrate out of bloodstream, All are capable of amoeboid movement, All are attracted to specific chemical stimuli, Some are phagocytic

Clot retraction

pulls the torn edges of the vessel closer together

Thrombocytopenia

platelet count is too low

Hemophilia

inherited bleeding disorder

Thrombophilia

increase clot formation

Deep vein thrombosis

clots form in the venous system

Pulmonary embolism

a moving clot blocks one of the vessels of the lungs