History test 3 study guide

Emergency Quota Act

A 1921 act that limited annual immigration of a specific nationality to 3% of the population of that nationality residing in the U.S. in 1910.

National Origins Act

A 1924 act that further reduced immigration quota to 2% of the immigrant population residing in the U.S. as of 1890.

Dillingham Commission

A commission from 1907-1911 that determined who could immigrate to the U.S., deeming southern and eastern Europeans 'undesirable'.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

A March 1930 act that raised import duties to protect American businesses and farmers.

Mellon Plan

A 1924 plan that reduced taxes on wealthy businesses and individuals.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A program that encouraged economic recovery through fair-practice business, including working hours limits, minimum wage, and labor union rights.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program that built infrastructure and provided jobs for young men during the Great Depression.

National Labor Relations Act

A 1935 act that protected the rights of employees to regulate compensation, benefits, and working hours through unions.

Social Security Act

A 1935 act that established benefits for the elderly, victims of industrial accidents, and unemployment insurance.

1882 Exclusion Act

An act that banned new Chinese workers from entering the U.S. and prevented those already in the country from becoming citizens.

Kristallnacht

A series of attacks on Jewish homes and businesses in November 1938, resulting in deaths and mass arrests.

St. Louis Boat

A ship carrying 937 Jewish refugees that was not allowed to dock in Miami or Cuba, forcing it to return to Europe.

Blitzkrieg

A quick and intense military attack strategy used by Germany during World War II.

London Blitz

A period of intense bombing of London by the German Air Force from September 1940 to May 1941.

Pearl Harbor

A surprise Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base on December 7, 1941, resulting in significant casualties and damage.

Bataan Death March

The forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war by the Japanese army during World War II.

D-Day Normandy Landings

The Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France on June 6, 1944, which was a pivotal moment in World War II.

Manhattan Project

The secret U.S. project during World War II that developed the atomic bomb.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 until the late 1930s.

Dust Bowl

A period in the 1930s characterized by severe drought and poor agricultural practices that led to massive dust storms.

Herbert Hoover

The 31st President of the U.S. from 1929 to 1933, known for his response to the Great Depression.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

The 32nd President of the U.S. from 1933 to 1945, known for his New Deal policies during the Great Depression.

First New Deal

A series of programs and policies implemented by FDR from 1933 to 1934 aimed at economic recovery.

Second New Deal

A series of programs initiated by FDR in 1935 that focused on social welfare and labor rights.

League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)

An organization founded in 1929 aiming to fight for civil rights and desegregation for Latin Americans.

Marcus Garvey

A Jamaican political leader who advocated for black nationalism and the return of African Americans to Africa.

Art Deco

An artistic movement characterized by modern, sleek designs and vibrant colors, exemplified by buildings like the Rockefeller Center.

Expressionism

An art movement that originated in Germany, emphasizing the representation of emotional experience rather than physical reality.

Dadaism

An avant-garde art movement that began during World War I, which sought to challenge the established artistic norms.

Surrealism

An art movement that sought to unleash the creative potential of the unconscious mind through dream-like imagery.

The Jazz Age

A cultural period in the 1920s characterized by jazz music, flappers, and a general sense of liberation and excitement.

Radium Girls

Young women employed in factories who painted the dials of clocks with radium, leading to severe health issues.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots during World War II, known for their deliberate crashes into enemy targets.

Operation Torch

An Allied invasion of North Africa during World War II that began on November 8, 1942.

Camp of Internment

Places where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during WWII under suspicion following the Pearl Harbor attack.

Desert Fox

The nickname for German General Erwin Rommel, known for his leadership in the North African campaign.