SV_Patients_With_Vascular_Problems

Hypertension

A condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure.

Normal blood pressure

Blood pressure that is typically less than 130/80.

Essential Hypertension

High blood pressure with no known secondary cause.

Secondary Hypertension

High blood pressure caused by another condition, such as kidney disease.

Hypertensive Crisis

A severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to stroke or other health issues, usually defined as over 200/130.

Arterial Baroreceptor System

A system that helps regulate blood pressure through baroreceptors that detect changes in the arterial blood pressure.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Diuretics

Medications that help reduce blood pressure by reducing fluid volume through increased urine production.

Thiazide Diuretics

A type of diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension by promoting sodium and water loss.

Loop Diuretics

Diuretics that act on the loop of Henle in the kidney, causing rapid diuresis.

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Diuretics that prevent potassium loss while promoting sodium and water excretion.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Medications that prevent calcium from entering the heart and blood vessel cells, lowering blood pressure.

ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Medications that block the action of angiotensin II resulting in vasodilation.

Beta-adrenergic Blockers

Drugs that reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors.

Atherosclerosis

A condition involving the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, leading to reduced blood flow.

Arteriosclerosis

The thickening and hardening of the arterial walls.

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Condition causing decreased blood flow to the extremities due to narrowed arteries.

Intermittent Claudication

Pain in the legs or buttocks that occurs with activity and is relieved by rest.

Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion

A sudden blockage of blood flow to the extremities, usually caused by an embolism.

Aneurysms

An abnormal dilation or ballooning of an artery due to weakness in the arterial wall.

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A condition characterized by spasms of blood vessels in response to cold or stress, leading to color changes in fingers and toes.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

A condition where a blood clot forms in a vein and can travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.

Venous Insufficiency

A condition in which veins cannot pump enough blood back to the heart, leading to pooling of blood.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged, swollen veins that often appear dark purple or blue, commonly found in the legs.

Patient Education for Hypertension

Information provided to patients about lifestyle changes and medication adherence to manage their blood pressure.

Lifestyle Changes for Hypertension

Modifications such as diet, exercise, and quitting smoking that can help control high blood pressure.

Thrombolytics

Medications used to dissolve blood clots or thrombi.

Sclerotherapy

A medical procedure used to eliminate varicose veins via injection of a solution.

Patient Compliance in Hypertension

The necessity for patients to adhere to prescribed medication regimens and lifestyle changes.

Thiazide Diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone - medications commonly used to treat hypertension by promoting sodium and water loss.

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide, Bumetanide - diuretics that act on the loop of Henle in the kidney, causing rapid diuresis.

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Spironolactone, Eplerenone - diuretics that prevent potassium loss while promoting sodium and water excretion.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Amlodipine, Diltiazem - medications that prevent calcium from entering the heart and blood vessel cells, lowering blood pressure.

ACE Inhibitors

Lisinopril, Enalapril - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Losartan, Valsartan - medications that block the action of angiotensin II resulting in vasodilation.

Beta-adrenergic Blockers

Metoprolol, Atenolol - drugs that reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors.

Thrombolytics

Alteplase, Reteplase - medications used to dissolve blood clots or thrombi.