Fasting Glucose - Exam 1

What does this refer to

• A laboratory test used to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood after an overnight fast (8–12 hours).

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) or Fasting serum glucose (FSG)

What does this refer to

• To assess glucose metabolism, diagnose diabetes mellitus, and monitor treatment effectiveness.

Purpose of fasting blood glucose

What does this refer to

• Screening for diabetes mellitus

• Monitoring diabetic patients

• Evaluating hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

Indications for Fasting blood glucose

What does this refer to

• Patient non-fasting

• Severe illness or stress conditions that affect glucose metabolism

Contraindications (relative)

What does this refer to

• Fast for 8–12 hours prior to the test

• Avoid smoking, alcohol, or strenuous exercise before the test

• Continue usual medications unless advised otherwise

Patient preparation

What does this refer to

• Sterile syringe or lancet

• Alcohol swab

• Glucometer or laboratory analyzer

• Capillary or venous collection tubes

Required Equipment

What does this refer to

• Venous plasma (preferred)

• Capillary whole blood (for point-of-care testing)

Specimen Type

What does this refer to

1. Verify physician’s order

2. Identify the patient using three identifiers

3. Explain the procedure

4. Ensure fasting status (8–12 hours)

Procedure Steps (1)

What does this refer to

1. Wash hands and wear gloves

2. Clean puncture site with alcohol swab

3. Collect the sample (capillary or venous)

4. Label the specimen correctly

Procedure steps (2)

What does this refer to

• Transport immediately to the lab

• Separate plasma within 30 minutes

• Store at 2–8°C if analysis delayed (≤24 hours)

Specimen Handling

What does this refer to

• Fasting: 70–99 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L)

• Prediabetes: 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L)

• Diabetes: ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L)

Normal Values

What does this refer to

• Random check + signs and symptoms

• Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl = Diabetes

Random Plasma Glucose

What does this refer to

• Elevated glucose suggests diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance

• Low glucose indicates hypoglycemia.

Interpretation

What does this refer to

• Inadequate fasting

• Hemolysis

• Delayed plasma separation

• Improper labeling

Sources of Error

What does this refer to

• Record:

  • Date

  • Time

  • Fasting duration

  • Glucose result

  • Any relevant observations.

Documentation

What does this refer to

• Follow standard precautions and dispose of sharps and biohazard materials safely.

Infection Control

What does this refer to

• Nothing to eat/drink X 8 hours (except water)

• Usually done first thing in morning

• Patient compliance

• 126+

Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG)

What does this refer to

• Blood test

• Average BS over past 3 months

• What percentage of hemoglobin proteins in your blood are coated with sugar (glycated)

• Higher= worse glycemic control

• <5.7%= normal

• 6.5% += Diabetes

Hemoglobin A1C “Glycated Hemoglobin”