General terms procedures 1

osteology

study of bone

206 bones

arthrology

study of joints

Axial skeleton

80 bones

skull

verterbral column

ribs

sternum

all bones on or near cental axis

Appendicular skeleton

126 bones

all bones of upper and lower extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

image receptor (IR)

“film”

where the image pops up

Central ray (CR)

X-ray beams ar center point

Sagittal (midsagittal) plane

seperates left and right parts

coronal (midcoronal) plane

Serperates anterior and posterior parts

Horizontal (axial) plane

transverse plane

seperated top and bottom parts

flexion

decreases the angle of the joint

extension

increase the angle of the joint

radial deviation

movement toward radial side (thumb)

ulnar deviation

movement toward ulna side (pinky)

plantar flexion

point toes

dorsiflexion

toes toward knee

eversion (valgus)

forces outward from midline

away

inversion (varus)

forces inward toward midline

inside

medial rotation

turn medial

toward midline

lateral roation

turn lateral

away from midline

abduction

away from midline

adduction

toward the midline

rotation

body stays in line and part turns

tilt

body is not in line

superficial

toward surface of skin

deep

further from skin on inside of body

supine

lay on back

prone

lay on stomach

erect/upright lateral

stanings straight up

recumbent

laying down

supine/ dorsal recumbent

lay on back

prone/ ventral recumbent

lay on stomach

lateral recumbent

lay on side

trendelenburg

feet above head

fowler

feet below head

lithotomy position

legs open

lay on back

head lower then feet

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

pink plane

coronal plane

green plane

sagittal plane

orange plane

oblique plane

blue plane

horizontal plane

radial deviation

ulnar deviation

Plantar flexion

dorsiflexion

inversion

varus

eversion

valgus

abduction

adduction

supine

dorsal recumbent

prone

ventral recumbent

Sesamoid bones

small, oval shaped bones

not part of appendicular or axial skeleton

long bone

only appendicular skeleton

extremities

short bones

wrists and ankles

flat bones

sternum, ribs, scapulae, calvaria

irregular bones

vertebrae, facial bones

synarthrosis joint

immovable

amphiarthrosis joint

limited movement

diarthrosis joint

freely movable

functional joints

synarthrosis

amohiarthrosis

diarthrosis

structral joints

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

palpation

process of applying loght pressure with fingertips on patient to locate landmarks

Exception to positiong rule

post reductiion for fracture alignmnet

pelvis study only AP projection unless hip injury

2 projection rule

long bones

location of foreign body

determination of alignment of fractures

3 projection rule

for joints in interest area

AP or PA

lateral

oblique

tangential projection

when CR is skimming part

Caudal CR angles

angle down

cephalic CR angle

angle up

lateromedial projection

projection from laterl to medial

mediolateral projection

projection from medial to lateral

AP projection

anterior to posterior projection

PA projection

posterior to anterior projection

LPO position

Left posterior oblique

LAO postiton

left anterior oblique position

RAO position

right anterior oblique position

RPO position

right posterior oblique postiion

Left posterior oblique AP position

Right anterior oblique PA projection

Left lateral decubitus AP projection

right lateral decubitis PA projection

ventral decubitus lateral projection

dorsal decubitus lateral projection

PA projection

AP projection

Caudal CR angle

cephalic CR angle

Sesamoid bone

specific type of small, oval shaped bone in the foot that is embedded in certain tendon

largest seasmoid bone

patella

Long bone

only appendicular

extremities

short bones

wrists and ankles

roughly cuboidal

flat bones

sternum, ribs, scapular, calvaria

irregular bones

vertebrae, facial bones, bones of the pelvis

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue that is outer shell of most bone

body/shaft of bone

diaphysis

thicker layer of compact bone

spongy bone/trabecular bone

inside shell of compact bone

contain red bone marrow

medullary cavity

hollow portion of long bone

contain yellow marrow

periosteum

outer covering of bone

essential for bone growth

hyaline cartilage

glassy cartilage or connective tissue

on end of bone for joint

functional joints

due to relation of mobility or lack of

synarthrosis joint

immovable joint

functional joint