HOSA pediatric & older adult conditions

development milestones

development milestones

functional goals for a child

education of all handicapped children act (EHCA)

passed in 1975, was that all children age 6 to 21 years of age regardless of disability are entitled to free and appropriate public education

Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)

children from birth till age 5. are able to go to school and you are required to give them the least restrictive environment

development delay

a child that has not attained predictable movement patterns or behavior associated with children of a similar chronologic age

autism

a severe disorder in the group of conditions called PDDs

congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)

one condition that may be associated with these in utero constraints

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

inflammation of connective tissue manifested as a painful inflamed joint

Clubfoot

position of the affected foot, which is turned inward and slanted downward

development dysplasia of the hip

results from abnormal devlopment of structres surrounding the hip joint

Down syndrome

Congenital development disability caused by presence of a extra copy chromosome

Activities of daily living (ADL)

PT for older people to perform activities such as bathing, cooking, and dressing

Instrumentals activities of daily living (IADLs)

For older people to perform activities such as using public transportation and shopping

well ederly

65 years of age or older who are NOT experiencing physical limitations

Frail elderly

people over 65 years of age with conditions that impair daily functions

Presbycusis

Older peoples hearing

Hypokinesis

Decreased activity or movement

Osteoarthritis

Bone joint disease most commonly found in African Americans

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Disease of the immune system that cause chronic inflammation of the joints more common in women 40-60 years of age

Osteoporosis

Common disease in older people its decreased mineralization of the bones

Functional reach test

Measures how FAR the person can reach forward without losing balance

Dynamic balance

How long it takes the older person to walk a set distance

arteriosclerosis

plaque build up in inner wall which decreases elasticity of vessel

myocardial infraction

lack of oxygen due to blockage of blood flow to heart

ishemic

insufficient blood flow

angina

chest pain from ishemia

congestive heart failure

heart is compromised to the point it can not move blood volume effectively

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

group of disorders the produce a chronic productive cough, excessive mucus production, changes in sound when air passes bronchial tube, and shortness of breath

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi

emphysema

trapping of air in alveoli

peripheral airway disease

collapse of terminal bronchioles

bronchial asthma

spasm like contractions of bronchi

cystic fibrosis

dysfunction of mucus glands, causing blockage of bronchi

restrictive lung disease

decrease in lungs ability to expand causing decrease in the volume of air that can move in and out of the lungs

cardiac muscle dysfunction

various conditions associated with heart failure

coronary heart disease

arteriosclerosis in coronary arteries

inspiration

diaphragm and lungs contract ton increase in space in thoracic cavity

expansion

diaphragm and lungs expand to breath

conducting airways

tubes that transport air to and from the lungs

dyspnea

shortness of breath

spirometer

tool used to measure various volumes and airflow ratio

diagnosis

description of specific disease

prognosis

maximum level of improvement patient will experience

embolus

clot formed by substance detached from elsewhere

respiration

exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between a person and cell

cardiac catheterization

passing of catheter into an artery until it reaches a heart then measures how much pressure is generated in chambers

percutaneous coronary interventions

mechanically dilating a blood vessel

echocardiography

high frequency ultrasound used o asses size of heart chamber pumping ability, and the motion of chamber walls and heart valves

electrocardiogram

assessment of heart rate and rhythm

exercise stress testing

how cardiovascular and pulmonary systems respond to controlled increased activity

chest imaging

baseline images that provide info if there is fluid in the lungs, air spaces, rib fractures, heart size, and nodules in lungs

bronchoscopy

tube placed in bronchial tube to permit visualization of structures and suction any secretion

pulmonary function test

assessment of respitory musculature and integrity of airways and lung tissue

blood and gas analysis

assessing arterial blood to determine concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide

coronary artery bypass graft

attaching a small artery to a point beyond blockage to reestablish blood flow

Anencephaly

A form of neural tube defect that results from a lack of the neural tube closure at the base of the brain. Not compatible with life and results in fetal death or death shortly after delivery.

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Group of conditions caused by a non-progressive lesion on the brain most often it has its origin before birth, at birth, or after birth and is caused by an interruption of oxygen to the brain of the fetus or new born.

Autism

A neural developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors.

Club foot

Disorder in which the foot is turned inward and slanted upward

Congenital muscular torticolis (CMT)

(Twisted neck) the muscle extending down the side of the neck is tight and shortened. An infant holds his or her head to one side and has difficulties turning the head

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Most common inherited chronic pulmonary disease among white children, characterized by production of thick mucous with progressive lung damage

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Motor condition in children with dysfunctions and motor coordination problems such as: awkward running, frequent falling, slow reaction times, immature balance reactions, poor handwriting, difficulty with AILDs

Developmental delay

Failure to obtain predictable movement patterns or behaviors associated with children of a similar chronological age

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

Dislocation caused from abnormal development of structures surrounding the hip joint; allows the head of the femur to move in and out of the hip socket

Developmental milestone

Movement pattern that appears at a certain stage of growth and development

Disablement process

Examination that focuses on an individual's impairments, functional limitations, disability, and resultant restrictions in activities

Down syndrome

Congenital developmental disability caused by a defect of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Progressive pelvic muscle weakness and waisting in a male child, combined with enlarged yet weak thigh muscles and tight heel chords

Dynamical systems theory

Treatment approach in children that incorporate all of the body's systems with the environment to facilitate or inhibit movements, emphasizes the process of moving rather than the product of a movement

Eclectic approach

Combination of therapeutic approaches used by the physical therapist and thought to be useful for a treatment of a given client

Enablement process

Examination process focusing on an individual's structural body and concurrent abilities while addressing age appropriate movement patterns and activities

Family assessment

Family interview, survey, or discussion used to obtain the families insights regarding a patient, especially a child; family history, relationships, concerns, needs, resources

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Most severe condition in a continuum of alcohol induced disabilities related to high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Goal-directed movement approach

Treatment approach that emphasizes the importance of task and environment features as a primary impetus for movement

Individualized education plan ( IEP)

A collaboration of therapists and family members, educators, and other healthcare team members to provide direct intervention in the classroom setting

Individualized family service plan (IFSP)

Detailed total plan of care for the child and the context of the family unit

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

Rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation of the connective tissue that manifests as a painful inflamed joint

begins in childhood

Meningocele

Benign herniation of meninges manifesting as a soft tissue cyst or lump surrounding a normal spinal cord and producing no neurologic deficits

Meningomyelocele

Open congenital spinal cord region with minimal to no skin protection covering the deeper nerve roots most severe of these cases results in loss of motor function and sensation of the lower part of the body

Neural tube defect

The neural tube fails to clothes completely during the first month of gestational development

Neural developmental treatment (NDT)

Analyzes and treats neurologic disorders of posture an movement. Uses a motivating environment and a patients active participation.manual facilitation and inhibition techniques are employed by the therapist to present the patient with a "normal" sensory experience

Norm referenced

Assessment based on a large number of participants to create a comparison group

Normal developmental theory

Therapy goals and objectives that are designed to follow the progression of a normal motor development, this assumes children with central nervous system damage will acquire motor skills in a similar way as children with normal developing systems

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

Common and severe bone impairment of genetic origin, affects the formation of collagen during bone development resulting in frequent fractures during fetal and new-born period

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) (PDI)

A group of disorders of neural development characterized by impairments and social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual behaviour a such as repeating actions and poor play skills

Plagiocephaly

Deformation of the skull during development caused by prolonged positioning in uterine or in the first few months of life

Prenatal cocaine exposure

Fetal exposure to cocaine in utero owing to maternal cocaine use during pregnancy symptoms after birth include hyper irritability, poor feeding patterns, high respiratory and heart rates, increase tremulous, irregular sleeping patterns

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine; may be idiopathic neuromuscular or congenital

Secondary condition

Condition that is potentially preventable and is a direct or indirect consequence of inadequate attention to a disability

Sensory integration (SI)

Technique based on the theory that poor integration and use of sensory input (feedback) prevent subsequent motor planning (output)

Providing controlled vestibular and somatosensory experiences enables the child to integrate the sensory info. To evoke a spontaneous, functional response

Spina bifida

Congenital incomplete closure of the vertabrae

Spina bifida aculta

Congenital incomplete closure of a vertebrae (separation of the spinous process) that is not associated with disability

Spinal muscular atrophy

Genetic disorder characterized by severe muscle weakness in infancy and progressive respiratory failure

Standardized testing

Type of formal test in which the evaluation procedures remain the same when administered by different therapists and at various test locations

arterial insufficiency

deficiency or occlusion of blood flow through an artery

chronic inflammation

low grade, protracted inflammatory process

collagen

supportive, strong, and fibrous connective tissue protein that is found in dermis, tendon, cartilage fascia, ligament, and bone.

dermis

portion of the skin directly under the dermis; made up of fibrous connective tissue and supports sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves, and nerve endings, blood and lymph vessels, hair follicles and their allied smooth muscle

epidermis

outer layer of the skin