ADH AO3/5

Schofield 2024 production

Nora leaves, asks younger Anna Marie to play for him, calles her "little songbird" = same name = reflects how Helmer needs an obedient women and hopw the roles of wife and servant are interchangeable

Men's roles in the 19th century

N saying "think of my little children" and k replies 'have you and your husband thought of mine' = men responsible for children, as a man expected to provide

The New Women

Nora leaving has hints of this = pursues independence

Actress Hedwig Niemann-Raabe

Male authority was not challenged by all women, however, as she requested to not act final scene, stating "i would never leave my children." Ibsen brands this as a 'barbaric outrage' as it completely destroys the message of the didactic play

Ibsen on male society

"It is exclusively a male society, with laws written by men"

Ibsen on women rights

"I am not even sure what women's rights are. For me, it has been a question of human rights"

The choice of choosing a man and the affects

Social status shapes huge choices despite what you want. as for most women in the 19th century, Lindes choice of man would have hugely affected her whole family

Industrialisation

When Ibsen was born 90% of the population in Norway worked in agriculture. By the time (1889) ADH was written, the economy was capitalist and industrialised - society had a sense of wealth, taste of money.

The shift from agriculture to capitalism meant that money and social status became more central to peoples lives. Visible through Ts obsession with money = reflects the pressures due to society that values wealth as successes

What is the significance of the day that Nora leaves

She leaves on boxing days which is the end of Yuletide = festival of new beginnings

Stanton critic on nora being brave

"The unprejudiced reader must be impressed with the courage…and…ambition of the women" -> her leaving is shocking for the 19th century audience yet it marks a moment of profound courage, resisting her limiting role

Mistreatment of Nora critic

just like the article 'Doll-homes' written by The Democrat states "there are thousands of such doll-homes, where the husband treats his wife as a child."

Hughs (education in Norway)

"Many families refused to let their daughters be too well educated" -> idea of nora wanting freedom and societies thoughts on that at that time

Baruch (Nora as a rehabilitated eve)

"From a feminist pov, nora is…a rehabilitated eve who has the courage to leave the garden in search of knowledge" = Unlike Eve, who returns to a structured hierarchical relationship with Adam, Nora refuses reconciliation, asserting her right to individual freedom — a progression that reflects the changing discourse on female autonomy in the 19th centur

Kibred

Torvald is "never allowed to remove his mask of masculinity" -> idea that society has conditioned him to be this way

Naturalism

This links to the ideals of naturalism and naturalist drama which believed that people’s characters and actions were conditioned by their environment

Maegson refers to ADH as part of the "the Naturalist pantheon" society in the 19th century constructed helmer's behaviour to be like this. Whereas, Nora is the product of a world that fails to educate women or recognise them as equal to men.

Noras reliance echoes what

Nora's reliance on her husbands control echoes the Victorian ideal of the "Angel in the House", as mentions in Patmore's poem = a women whose role was confined to the private sphere

Baruch (nora as a plaything)

'Nora is not a person in torvald's eyes, but a plaything…that satisfies the requirements of a 19th century society'

Governor of Australias wife

Nobody who acted like Nora 'could be considered a lady.

George Bernard shaw

"The ideal wife is one who does everything that her idea husband likes and nothing else" - wrote this in The Quintessence of Ibenism

What was established in 1884?

Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, around the same time women were permitted at universities. Moreover, married women were given legal capacity and the right to manage their own earnings in 1888

money is gendered, argue that because she was a woman she couldn't borrow legally, so patriarchal constraints gave rise to the situation. H+Ns hierarchy relationship due to the rigid social dynamics common

What to write for intro, context

In Miltons 17th century exploration of the biblical narrative….

In Ibsen’s radically progressive late 19th century naturalistic drama…