PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT: RGO 2

The following statements are inaccurate about NEO-PI, EXCEPT?

A. It uses a true/false response format.

B. The original version measured only three domains: Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness.

C. Raw scores are converted into T-scores for interpretation.

D. The current version consists of 260 items.

ANSWER: C. Raw scores are converted into T-scores for interpretation.

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

A. Stress

B. Eye Color

C. Golden Ratio

D. Extraversion

ANSWER: C. Golden Ratio

The origins of testing for selecting individuals for specific roles can be traced back to:

A. Middle Ages

B. China

C. Renaissance Period

D. American Revolution

ANSWER: B. China

Which of the following is not an example of an artificially dichotomized variable?

A. Age categorized as "young" or "old"

B. Income classified as "low" or "high"

C. Gender identified as "male" or "female"

D. Test scores labeled as "pass" or "fail"

ANSWER: C. Gender identified as "male" or "female"

Which of the following statements reflects a misunderstanding of how achievement, aptitude, and intelligence tests are conceptualized in psychological assessment?

A. Achievement tests focus on evaluating knowledge gained from formal instruction and are judged primarily through content validity.

B. Aptitude tests measure the effects of both structured and unstructured learning experiences and are validated by their ability to predict performance.

C. Intelligence tests differ from aptitude tests by focusing on specific skill areas such as verbal reasoning or mathematical ability.

D. Although overlapping in some areas, intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests differ in purpose, context of use, and sources of validity evidence.

ANSWER: C. Intelligence tests differ from aptitude tests by focusing on specific skill areas such as verbal reasoning or mathematical ability.

A school psychologist was observing a student suspected of displaying frequent off-task behaviors during reading time. The psychologist aimed to focus on how often the student looked away from the book or talked to peers within 10-second intervals during a 15-minute observation. Which behavioral observation method was most appropriate for this scenario?

A. Narrative Recording

B. Interval Recording

C. Event Recording

D. Ratings Recording

ANSWER: B. Interval Recording

This intelligence test was designed during World War I for literate recruits and was administered in written form.

A. Army Alpha

B. Army Beta

C. Personal Data Sheet

D. Non-verbal test

ANSWER: A. Army Alpha

Leo applied for a customer service position at a private company. As part of the hiring process, he was required to take a speech clarity assessment. The test was conducted five times, and Leo received the following scores (on a scale of 1 to 100): 85, 79, 90, 82, and 83. The company requires a minimum average score of 80 for applicants to be considered for the position. Which of the following is correct?

A. Based on the mode, Leo would most likely qualify for the position.

B. Based on the median, Leo might be considered, but not with full confidence

C. Based on the mean, Leo would most likely meet the requirement.

D. Based on the mode, Leo would likely fall short of the requirement.

ANSWER: C. Based on the mean, Leo would most likely meet the requirement.

What is the term for a deliberately easy item placed near the beginning of a test to boost the confidence of a test-taker?

A. Anchor item

B. Giveaway item

C. Distractor item

D. Easy item

ANSWER: B. Giveaway item

A public high school regularly administers a reading comprehension assessment to all Grade 9 students as part of their standard academic evaluation. Mia, a 14-year-old student, took the test along with her classmates. However, Mia's parents later complained that they were not asked for informed consent before she took the test. Was their complaint justified?

A. Informed consent must be obtained from parents for any psychological or educational testing of minors.

B. Routine academic assessments that are part of standard school practice typically do not require informed consent.

C. Any form of data collection on students mandates parental consent under educational ethics guidelines.

D. Only interventions outside of standard educational practice would require parental informed consent.

ANSWER: B. Routine academic assessments that are part of standard school practice typically do not require informed consent.

Anna tends to feel uneasy in social situations and is easily embarrassed when she believes others are watching or judging her. She is also highly sensitive to criticism and often worries about how she is perceived. Based on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), Anna would most likely score high in which facet of Neuroticism (N)?

A. N1

B. N3

C. N4

D. N6

ANSWER: C. N4

Charm scored 88 on her Experimental Psychology exam, where the class mean was 90 with a standard deviation of 2. What is her Z-score?

A. 2

B. 1

C. -1

D. -2

ANSWER: C. -1

A university developed an entrance exam to measure critical thinking skills, but the test only included questions on logical reasoning and failed to assess problem-solving and analytical reasoning. What issue does this test suffer from?

A. Construct-Irrelevant Variance

B. Low Test-Retest Reliability

C. Construct Underrepresentation

D. Content Bias

ANSWER: C. Construct Underrepresentation

Which of the following best explains why group tests are preferred in large-scale institutional settings such as the military or schools, despite the diagnostic depth offered by individual tests?

A. Group tests are more accurate in diagnosing psychological conditions due to their broader application.

B. Group tests reduce examiner bias by ensuring all test-takers receive the same verbal instructions and scoring criteria.

C. Group tests offer a cost-effective, time-efficient method of assessing large populations while still yielding useful data when combined with other sources.

D. Group tests require intensive training and are therefore more reliable than individual tests in practical applications.

ANSWER: C. Group tests offer a cost-effective, time-efficient method of assessing large populations while still yielding useful data when combined with other sources.

Lara is known for her creativity and ability to generate innovative ideas. She enjoys exploring new concepts and can develop them with vivid imagination. However, she often struggles to stay focused and follow through with her projects. Based on this description, Lara is a:

A. Dreamer

B. Good Student

C. Reluctant Scholar

D. By-the-Booker

ANSWER: A. Dreamer

What is accurate about the Spearman-Brown formula?

A. It is used for establishing parallel forms reliability.

B. It corrects for half-length when estimating test reliability.

C. It provides the lowest boundary of reliability, like Cronbach's alpha.

D. It is appropriate to use when the two halves of a test have unequal variances.

ANSWER: B. It corrects for half-length when estimating test reliability.

Which of the following is appropriate in terms of releasing test data?

A. Test results can be shared with anyone interested in the assessment.

B. Raw scores and client responses can be freely distributed.

C. Test data should always be released upon request, regardless of prior agreements.

D. None of the above.

ANSWER: D. None of the above.

Grace was answering a survey where she evaluated her feelings toward different concepts by rating them on a scale between two opposite adjectives. For example, when describing her workplace, she rated it on a scale ranging from "Unpleasant" to "Pleasant." Which scaling method was used in this test?

A. Likert Scale

B. Semantic Differential

C. Method of Paired Comparisons

D. Adjective Checklist

ANSWER: B. Semantic Differential

In a personality assessment, a test-taker consistently agrees with items that are worded positively, even when the items ask about unrelated traits or abilities. This tendency is an example of which of the following biases?

A. Socially Desirable Response

B. Acquiescent Response

C. Extreme Response

D. Random Response

ANSWER: B. Acquiescent Response

Dr. Mendoza is conducting an experiment to measure the effect of a new teaching method on student performance in a math exam. Half of the students in the experiment are exposed to the new method, while the other half follow traditional teaching methods. However, during the study, the school unexpectedly implemented a new reward system, offering bonuses to students who score above a certain threshold. This incentive may have influenced students' motivation and study habits. What is the extraneous variable in the experiment?

A. The teaching method

B. The reward system

C. The math exam

D. The sample size

ANSWER: B. The reward system

Which of the following psychological tests is used for assessing personality disorders?

A. EPPS

B. MMPI

C. MCMI

D. PAI

ANSWER: C. MCMI

Trina's NEO-PI-3 results indicate that she shows little enthusiasm for academic activities, struggles with self-organization, and often needs external motivation to initiate or continue learning tasks. She also has difficulty maintaining sustained attention on mentally demanding work. Based on these characteristics, which learner type best describes Trina?

A. Dreamer

B. Good Student

C. Reluctant Scholar

D. By-the-Booker

ANSWER: C. Reluctant Scholar

Dane's IQ score was one standard deviation below the mean. Dane's IQ is

A. 100

B. 115

C. 85

D. 75

ANSWER: C. 85

Keith reads a horoscope with vague statements like "You are facing challenges, but your determination will lead to success" and "People admire your charm and kindness." She believes these perfectly describe her life and starts applying them to her daily decisions. Which psychological phenomenon is influencing her beliefs?

A. Confirmation Bias

B. Barnum Effect

C. Self-Serving Bias

D. Rosenthal effect

ANSWER: B. Barnum Effect

A researcher developed a college entrance exam using a sample of 1,800 students. After 10 years, they updated the test norms with a new sample of 2,200 students, including more international students. Which statement is correct?

A. The standardization sample had 2,200 participants, while the normative sample had 1,800 participants.

B. The standardization sample had 1,800 participants, while the normative sample had 2,200 participants.

C. The standardization and normative samples are interchangeable.

D. Re-norming should use the original sample.

ANSWER: B. The standardization sample had 1,800 participants, while the normative sample had 2,200 participants.

A researcher conducted a study on the relationship between social media usage and academic performance among high school students. Teachers were asked to rank order the students based on their academic performance (from highest to lowest). The students were also ranked according to the number of hours they spend on social media daily. The researcher wants to analyze whether there is a correlation between social media usage and academic performance. Which statistical procedure is the most appropriate for this study?

A. ANOVA

B. Correlation

C. Spearman's rho

D. Independent t-test

ANSWER: C. Spearman's rho

Which of the following is an example of a Level-One response?

A. Ignoring the speaker's statement and introducing an unrelated topic

B. Restating the speaker's statement in a clearer way.

C. Acknowledging the speaker's emotions and expanding on them.

D. Adding significant insight beyond what the speaker has said.

ANSWER: B. Restating the speaker's statement in a clearer way.

What do you call multiple-choice options that are clearly incorrect, often unrealistic, and unlikely to be chosen by test-takers, potentially reducing the quality of the test?

A. Dysfunctional alternatives

B. Misleading choices

C. Cute distractors

D. Secondary options

ANSWER: C. Cute distractors

During a psychological evaluation of Liana, a Filipino student with limited English proficiency, the school psychologist asked for the help of a bilingual teacher as an interpreter. However, the teacher was also Liana's aunt, who had been closely involved in her upbringing. Did the school psychologist commit an ethical violation?

A. Yes, because the bilingual teacher lacked formal training as an interpreter.

B. No, because the bilingual teacher is fluent in both languages and can accurately translate.

C. A professional interpreter from the Filipino community should have been chosen instead.

D. Yes, because this is a case of multiple relationships that could affect objectivity.

ANSWER: D. Yes, because this is a case of multiple relationships that could affect objectivity.

Jezza is evaluating the reliability of a psychological test she developed. To do this, she used the split-half method, where she divided the test into two equal halves and computed the correlation between the two sets of scores. The initial correlation coefficient she obtained was r = .78. Knowing that this value reflects only the reliability of half the test, Jezza decided to apply the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula to estimate the reliability of the entire test. After applying the formula, what is the corrected reliability coefficient for the full-length test?

A. .624

B. .782

C. .853

D. .876

ANSWER: D. .876

Which of the following conditions would result in an invalid MCMI-IV result?

A. A raw score of 1 on Scale V (Invalidity).

B. A raw score of 10 on Scale W (Inconsistency).

C. A raw score of 120 on Scale X (Disclosure).

D. Base rate scores on Scales 1 through 8B ranging from 60 to 80.

ANSWER: C. A raw score of 120 on Scale X (Disclosure).

Deniz is known for being energetic and full of life. He loves seeking out new experiences, often prioritizing parties, adventures, and spontaneous road trips over school or work responsibilities. He has a hard time focusing on long-term goals and frequently abandons tasks in favor of fun and excitement. Based on this behavior, which activity style best describes Deniz?

A. Funlovers

B. Go-Getters

C. The lethargic

D. Plodders

ANSWER: A. Funlovers

Marla and Darla recently took a standardized psychological test. After scoring, Marla received a Z-score of 2, while Darla obtained a T-score of 75. Based on their scores, what can we conclude about their performance?

A. Both Marla and Darla scored below the average.

B. Marla performed above average, while Darla performed below average.

C. Both Marla and Darla scored significantly above the average.

D. Darla scored at the average level, while Marla scored significantly above average.

ANSWER: C. Both Marla and Darla scored significantly above the average.

In a psychological experiment, administering an extremely difficult test that most participants cannot solve would likely result in which of the following measurement issues?

A. Ceiling effect

B. Practice effect

C. Fatigue effect

D. Floor effect

ANSWER: D. Floor effect

This type of response bias is likely to occur when test-takers choose answers without careful consideration, often due to fatigue, lack of motivation, or not understanding the test content.

A. Social desirability

B. Acquiescence bias

C. Random responding

D. Extreme responding

ANSWER: C. Random responding

Which of the following is an example of a performance-based test?

A. RIT

B. SB-5

C. TAT

D. MMPI

ANSWER: C. TAT

Jordan wants to compare whether his smartphone battery drains faster (measured in percentage per hour) when he streams videos using mobile data versus when he streams using Wi-Fi. What statistical analysis should he use?

A. Independent samples t-test

B. Dependent samples t-test

C. Two-way ANOVA

D. One-way ANOVA

ANSWER: B. Dependent samples t-test

Trina answered a personality test where she was asked to sort a set of statements about personal characteristics into different categories based on how accurately they described her personality. She was required to distribute these statements across a range of categories rather than simply endorsing or rejecting them. Which personality assessment method was Trina using?

A. Adjective Checklist

B. Likert Scale

C. Q-Sort Technique

D. Semantic Differential

ANSWER: C. Q-Sort Technique

A psychologist was working in a rural community and had been offering free psychological services to a family struggling with poverty. After several sessions, the family expressed deep gratitude and insisted on giving the psychologist a huge basket of ripe mangoes ("panindang mangga"), which they usually sold to make a living. The psychologist realized that it was one of the last baskets they had left, and accepting it might leave them with nothing else to sell. What should the psychologist do?

A. Graciously accept the mangoes to avoid offending the family and to honor their culture of generosity.

B. Accept the gift but later secretly return the mangoes to the family without telling them.

C. Gently express appreciation for the gesture but encourage the family to keep the mangoes for themselves, explaining that their well-being matters most.

D. Accept the mangoes and give the family money in return as a form of exchan

ANSWER: C. Gently express appreciation for the gesture but encourage the family to keep the mangoes for themselves, explaining that their well-being matters most.

Which of the following statements best describes personality inventories?

A. They assess how well an individual can perform complex mental tasks.

B. They predict an individual's academic potential based on performance.

C. They typically rely on the individual's self-assessment.

D. They evaluate one's ability to solve abstract and logical problems.

ANSWER: C. They typically rely on the individual's self-assessment.

Dr. Zamora, a clinical psychologist, was selecting psychological tests to assess a client comprehensively. She initially chose four tests: the 16PF, TONI-4, FIT and the DAT. However, she was advised to reduce the battery to only three tests to avoid redundancy. Which of the following tests should Dr. Mendez remove?

A. 16PF

B. TONI-4

C. FIT

D. None of the tests are redundant, and all should be retained

ANSWER: C. FIT

Carlos is known for being outgoing and sociable, always enjoying the company of others. He remains calm and composed in stressful situations, rarely showing signs of anxiety. However, he has a tendency to act impulsively and make quick decisions without much consideration. Which among the following combinations of test scores would best describe Carlos?

A. Impulse Expression = 75;Social Introversion = 35; Anxiety = 50

B. Social Introversion = 70; Anxiety = 60; Impulse Expression = 50

C. Social Introversion = 40; Depression = 45; Impulse Expression = 70

D. None of these is correct

ANSWER: C. Social Introversion = 40; Depression = 45; Impulse Expression = 70

Martin was known for his consistent and steady approach to work. Whether at school or during his free time, he took his time and preferred to move at a slow but focused pace. While he didn't like to be rushed, his teachers and peers knew they could always count on him to finish what he started. Based on this description, Martin was a

A. Funlover

B. Go-Getter

C. The Lethargic

D. Plodder

ANSWER: D. Plodder

The Griggs v. Duke Power (1971) case led to legal requirements ensuring that employment tests must:

A. Demonstrate standardized administration procedures aligned with professional testing guidelines.

B. Be justified by empirical data linking test performance to specific job-related outcomes.

C. Be limited to roles that require cognitive complexity or supervisory responsibilities.

D. Be uniformly administered to all applicants as a measure of equal opportunity, regardless of job relevance.

ANSWER: B. Be justified by empirical data linking test performance to specific job-related outcomes.

A school counselor reviewed the group intelligence test scores of a 10-year-old student, Carla, who had consistently performed well in class and maintained high grades across subjects. However, her recent group test results indicated a significant drop in verbal reasoning and reading comprehension scores, placing her below average in those areas. Her teacher reported no observable behavioral changes, but Carla had recently experienced the loss of a close family member. What was the most appropriate next step for the counselor to take?

A. Attribute the low scores to test anxiety and wait to see if future test results improve.

B. Design a specialized reading intervention program based solely on the test results.

C. Notify Carla's parents and recommend grade-level retention to avoid further academic gaps.

D. Refer Carla for individual psychological assessment to explore potential emotional or contextual factors affectin

ANSWER: D. Refer Carla for individual psychological assessment to explore potential emotional or contextual factors affecting her performance.

A researcher conducted a study examining the relationship between daily social media usage (in hours) and anxiety levels among teenagers. A sample of 150 teenagers was surveyed, recording both their average daily social media usage and their scores on the "Teen Anxiety Scale." The study found a Pearson's r value of r = 0.65. Based on this finding, which of the following statements is accurate?

A. To a strong extent, it can be concluded that social media usage causes higher anxiety levels among teenagers.

B. It can be concluded that 42.25% of the variation in anxiety levels can be attributed to social media usage.

C. There is a strong possibility that 65% of the teenagers in the study will develop anxiety due to social media use.

D. None of these can be quite correct.

ANSWER: B. It can be concluded that 42.25% of the variation in anxiety levels can be attributed to social media usage.

A Level-Three response is most useful in communication because it

A. Shows complete disregard for the speaker's statement.

B. Paraphrases or restates the speaker's statement to ensure understanding.

C. Adds significant depth and interpretation to the speaker's emotions.

D. Slightly acknowledges the speaker's statement but focuses on the responder's perspective.

ANSWER: C. Adds significant depth and interpretation to the speaker's emotions.

A researcher designed an IQ test, but the test included complex reading passages that required advanced vocabulary. As a result, non-native speakers and individuals with reading difficulties scored lower-not because of their intelligence, but due to language barriers. What issue did this test suffer from?

A. Construct Underrepresentation

B. Construct-Irrelevant Variance

C. Poor Face Validity

D. Ceiling Effect

ANSWER: B. Construct-Irrelevant Variance

Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding the principles and practices of conducting forensic psychological assessments?

A. The psychologist must clarify the nature and purpose of the assessment to the examinee, even if participation is court-mandated.

B. In forensic settings, the primary duty of the psychologist is to advocate for the best interests of the examinee.

C. The psychologist must maintain objectivity, as the assessment results are often used in legal decision-making.

D. Informed consent may be modified, but the psychologist should still explain limits of confidentiality to the examinee.

ANSWER: B. In forensic settings, the primary duty of the psychologist is to advocate for the best interests of the examinee.

A researcher develops two versions of a psychological test and administers them to the same group of individuals at different times to examine the consistency of results. What type of reliability is being assessed?

A. Test-Retest Reliability

B. Parallel/Alternate Forms Reliability

C. Split-Half Reliability

D. Internal Reliability

ANSWER: B. Parallel/Alternate Forms Reliability

During the administration of the Rorschach Inkblot Test, a test-taker responds, "This looks like two people dancing." When asked to show where they saw it, they indicate both sides of the blot, using a minor-image pattern. Which scoring aspect of the Rorschach is most relevant for this response?

A. Location

B. Determinants

C. Form Quality

D. Symmetry

ANSWER: A. Location

During the administration of a standardized psychological test, an unexpected event occurs: a lacewing enters the testing room and lands on the window. Though the insect makes no noise and does not approach the examinee, its presence is noted with a quick glance by the test-taker. Given this unusual environmental change, what is the most appropriate course of action for the test administrator?

A. Relocate the testing session immediately to ensure full standardization

B. Discontinue and reschedule the test to maintain test integrity

C. Maintain the testing session while keeping a close eye on the insect's behavior, as it is non-disruptive

D. Remove the insect and allow the test-taker a brief interaction to alleviate any subconscious stress

ANSWER: C. Maintain the testing session while keeping a close eye on the insect's behavior, as it is non-disruptive

Which of the following conditions would result in an MCMI-IV scale being labeled as unscorable?

A. A patient is 19 years old.

B. Three items have missing responses.

C. Five or more items have missing or double-marked responses on a single scale.

D. The test includes identifying information.

ANSWER: C. Five or more items have missing or double-marked responses on a single scale.

Kris obtained a T score of 75 in the Anxiety subscale of the Basic Personality Inventory. Which among the following is a good way of interpreting her score?

A. Kris remains calm and composed even in stressful situations.

B. Kris is highly anxious and easily disturbed by even minor events.

C. Kris is equally anxious and composed when dealing with new experiences.

D. Kris is indifferent to both stressful and non-stressful situations.

ANSWER: B. Kris is highly anxious and easily disturbed by even minor events.

Lito administered an intelligence test to two children: an 8-year-old and an 11-year-old. The 8-year-old obtained a mental age of 10, while the 11-year-old obtained a mental age of 13. Using the original ratio IQ formula, which of the following is correct?

A. The 8-year-old would obtain a higher ratio IQ.

B. The 11-year-old would obtain a higher ratio IQ.

C. Both children would obtain the same ratio IQ

D. There is not enough information to determine the result

ANSWER: A. The 8-year-old would obtain a higher ratio IQ.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between specificity and false positive rate?

A. Higher specificity leads to a higher false positive rate

B. Higher specificity leads to a lower false positive rate

C. Specificity and false positive rates are unrelated

D. Specificity and false positive rate increase together

ANSWER: B. Higher specificity leads to a lower false positive rate

During a psychological evaluation, a clinician interviews Alex, a 32-year-old client referred for erratic behavior at work. When asked about his recent conflicts with colleagues, Alex insists it's because "naiinggit sila kasi mas magaling ako sa kanila," despite a consistent pattern of poor work performance noted in his records. He claims no responsibility for the conflicts and sees no need for behavioral changes. When asked what brought him to the assessment, he says, "I'm just here so my boss gets off my back." Which aspect of the MSE is most relevantly assessed in this situation?

A. Orientation

B. Intellectual Functioning

C. Insight and Judgment

D. Sensorium

ANSWER: C. Insight and Judgment

When analyzing the relationship between a continuous variable and a nominal variable that is artificially dichotomized, which correlation method is most appropriate?

A. Biserial correlation

B. Point biserial correlation

C. Pearson correlation

D. Phi coefficient

ANSWER: A. Biserial correlation

A client with limited vocabulary skills is in the process of completing the NEO-PI-R. The client struggles to understand some of the words used in the test items. As the test administrator, what is the most appropriate course of action?

A. Allow the client to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words without providing any assistance.

B. Read the test items aloud to the client and provide standardized definitions for any unfamiliar words if needed.

C. Discontinue the testing and recommend that the client complete a different personality inventory instead.

D. Rephrase or simplify the test items in your own words to make them easier for the client to understand.

ANSWER: B. Read the test items aloud to the client and provide standardized definitions for any unfamiliar words if needed.

Gale is applying for a secretary position in a company. The role requires her to be organized, detail-oriented, and efficient in managing schedules, documents, and office tasks. Based on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3), which subscale of Conscientiousness should Gale score high on?

A. C5

B. C2

C. C1

D. C6

ANSWER: B. C2

As part of a school-wide behavioral intervention program, Mr. Reyes, a licensed psychologist, trained a team of observers to monitor and record instances of aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting, kicking, shouting) among students during recess. After the first week of observations, Mr. Reyes noticed inconsistencies in the behavioral data recorded by different observers, even though they had watched the same students during the same period. He decided to assess the interrater reliability of the observers' data to ensure that decisions made from the observations were based on consistent and objective measurement. Initially, he computed the percentage agreement between the observers and found a value of 65%. However, he recalled that this method did not account for chance agreement and that it was statistically inappropriate to average these percentages across multiple observation sessions. To obtain a more accurate and st

ANSWER: C. Cohen's Kappa or Fleiss' Kappa

Which interpretation would best align with Machover's projective framework when analyzing a DAP drawing?

A. A figure drawn with detailed and oversized ears indicates an overreliance on auditory learning styles.

B. A small, faintly drawn figure placed low on the page may suggest low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy.

C. A figure with missing facial features automatically signifies a neurological deficit or developmental delay.

D. A drawing where the figure is centered and proportional should be interpreted solely through norm-referenced scoring procedures.

ANSWER: B. A small, faintly drawn figure placed low on the page may suggest low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy.

A psychologist is tasked with assessing the reasoning ability of an 8-year-old child who has been diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. The child performs better when presented with visually engaging materials. Which version of Raven's Progressive Matrices would be most appropriate for this assessment?

A. SPM

B. APM

C. CPM

D. RPM

ANSWER: C. CPM

John prefers to be alone, shows little emotion, and has no interest in close relationships. Which MCMI-IV scale would likely reflect his personality pattern?

A. Avoidant (Scale 2A)

B. Schizoid (Scale 1)

C. Dependent (Scale 3)

D. Histrionic (Scale 4A)

ANSWER: B. Schizoid (Scale 1)

An organization is using the Angoff Method to determine cut scores for a certification exam designed to assess analytical reasoning in psychology professionals. A panel of experts is assembled to estimate the probability that a minimally competent candidate would answer each test item correctly. However, the experts disagree significantly on a subset of items that involve complex psychological theories, leading to low inter-rater reliability. Which of the following strategies would most effectively address this issue while preserving the integrity of the standard-setting process?

A. Remove the contentious items from the test and proceed with scoring based only on the items where consensus exists among experts.

B. Conduct a second round of expert review focusing on the contentious items and encourage discussion to reach consensus.

C. Switch to a fully empirical method by setting cut scores based on actual test-taker p

ANSWER: B. Conduct a second round of expert review focusing on the contentious items and encourage discussion to reach consensus.

What is one of the potential impacts of item omission on scale scores in self-report inventories?

A. Omitted items automatically increase deviance scores

B. They result in the test being invalidated entirely

C. They can lower scores if deviant responses are omitted

D. They make the profile sheets unreadable

ANSWER: C. They can lower scores if deviant responses are omitted

In most psychological tests, what is the ideal item difficulty range that maximizes the ability to differentiate individuals based on their performance?

A. .10 to .30

B. .30 to .70

C. .70 to .90

D. .90 to 1.00

ANSWER: B. .30 to .70

At a weekend get-together, Bernadette, a newly licensed psychologist, found herself in a lively conversation with friends curious about her work. Wanting to engage, she began describing the NEO-PI-3 in detail—its structure, sample items, how it's administered, and even how results are interpreted. After realizing she may have shared too much, she casually said, "Uy, beh! Alin-alin lang 'to, 'no! Wag niyong pagkakalat." Looking back, which ethical standard did Bernadette most likely compromise?

A. Maintaining Test Security

B. Proper Test Utilization

C. Confidentiality of Test Information

D. Bernadette did not break any ethical standard since she did not reveal any client's personal data or scores and was simply discussing the test informally.

ANSWER: A. Maintaining Test Security

Gina is a newly registered psychometrician and was recently hired as part of the admissions staff at a well-known university. She and her colleagues were tasked with developing an entrance exam composed of multiple-choice questions with objectively correct answers to screen student applicants. As part of the test development process, Gina wants to ensure that the test has good internal reliability. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A. Spearman-Brown Formula

B. Fleiss' Kappa

C. KR-20

D. Coefficient Alpha

ANSWER: C. KR-20

A research team is evaluating a new behavioral assessment tool for individuals with social anxiety. Instead of relying on retrospective questionnaires, they observe participants during real-life social interactions in various public settings to determine how well the tool captures behaviors that actually occur in these situations. This method primarily aims to assess which type of validity?

A. Content Validity

B. Criterion Validity

C. Construct Validity

D. None of the above

ANSWER: B. Criterion Validity

Which of the following location codes in the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) is used when the respondent uses an infrequently observed part of the inkblot to form a percept?

A. W

B. D

C. Dd

D. DS

ANSWER: C. Dd

The 7-Minute Screen is designed to detect symptoms associated with which condition?

A. Parkinson's disease

B. Schizophrenia

C. Alzheimer's disease

D. Bipolar disorder

ANSWER: C. Alzheimer's disease

Emma is energetic, impulsive, and constantly seeking excitement, but her enthusiasm often turns into reckless behavior. She struggles to stay focused on long-term goals and sometimes experiences sudden mood swings. Which MCMI-IV scale best describes her personality pattern?

A. Histrionic (Scale 4A)

B. Turbulent (Scale 4B)

C. Narcissistic (Scale 5)

D. Compulsive (Scale 7)

ANSWER: A. Histrionic (Scale 4A)

Which of the following statements about over-reporting on the MMPI-2 is accurate?

A. Over-reporting on the MMPI-3 always indicates intentional exaggeration of symptoms.

B. A diagnosis of malingering can be made solely based on MMPI-3 over-reporting scales.

C. Over-reporting may result from mental disorders like somatic symptom disorders or thought disorders.

D. MMPI-3 Validity Scales can determine whether a test-taker is faking bad.

ANSWER: C. Over-reporting may result from mental disorders like somatic symptom disorders or thought disorders.

Which of the following is a possible reason for the Flynn Effect, the observed increase in IQ scores over time?

A. Enhanced availability and quality of nutrition, leading to better cognitive development

B. Increased reliance on standardized testing methods across different regions

C. Greater emphasis on abstract problem-solving skills in modern educational curricula

D. A reduction in the use of technology, which leads to more face-to-face cognitive challenges

ANSWER: A. Enhanced availability and quality of nutrition, leading to better cognitive development

A company is considering adopting a new cognitive ability test for hiring analysts. The test shows high predictive validity for job performance, but it is expensive to administer. An industrial-organizational psychologist is tasked with evaluating whether the financial benefits of improved job performance outweigh the costs of using the test. Which model should the psychologist use to conduct this analysis?

A. Taylor-Russell Tables

B. Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio

C. Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser

D. Method of Contrasting Groups

ANSWER: C. Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser

Jarred, a newly registered psychometrician, developed a personality inventory for use in a corporate setting. As part of the test development process, he is now conducting item analysis. The following are typically performed during item analysis of a personality test, EXCEPT:

A. Item reliability

B. Item validity

C. Item difficulty

D. Item endorsement

ANSWER: C. Item difficulty

An influencer on TikTok, who is a die-hard fan of psychology, has read the entire DSM-5-TR. During a live stream, the influencer encourages viewers to share personal experiences and then offers possible psychological diagnoses based on his extensive knowledge of the DSM-5-TR. He also reminds the viewers that he is "only sharing his knowledge" and "does not mean any harm." Which of the following best describes the ethical concern in this situation?

A. The influencer is providing valuable psychological insight and is not breaking any ethical guidelines because they have extensive knowledge of the DSM-5-TR.

B. The influencer is overstepping their boundaries by offering diagnoses without the appropriate clinical training, supervision, or licensure, even if they disclaim their intentions.

C. The influencer is acting within their competence since they have read the DSM-5-TR and have a deep understanding of psychological co

ANSWER: B. The influencer is overstepping their boundaries by offering diagnoses without the appropriate clinical training, supervision, or licensure, even if they disclaim their intentions.

Sheldon, a psychometrician, developed a 30-item aptitude test intended for employee selection. After conducting a pilot test, he found the test's reliability to be 0.60, which he deemed too low for making high-stakes decisions. Aiming to increase the test's reliability to at least 0.85, Sheldon wants to estimate the number of items required to achieve this target without yet rewriting the test. Using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula, he calculates the factor by which he must multiply the current test length to reach the desired level of reliability. Assuming all additional items have the same psychometric properties as the original ones, what is the approximate total number of items Sheldon will need?

A. 85 items

B. 90 items

C. 113 items

D. 120 items

ANSWER: B. 90 items

What is the optimal item difficulty (OID) for a 5-option multiple-choice test item?

A. 0.50

B. 0.60

C. 0.65

D. 0.75

ANSWER: D. 0.75

Which of the following is NOT one of the facets of Scale C: Borderline in the MCMI-IV?

A. Uncertain Self-Image (C.1)

B. Split Architecture (C.2)

C. Temperamentally Labile (C.3)

D. Cognitive Mistrustful (P.2)

ANSWER: D. Cognitive Mistrustful (P.2)

Most of the time, Jonas finds it difficult to get along with his coworkers. He frequently argues with them over small matters and often feels that they are hostile or trying to undermine him. Because of this, he tends to be defensive and distrustful in workplace interactions. Based on this information, Jonas would most likely score high in which subscale of the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI)?

A. Alienation

B. Interpersonal Problems

C. Persecutory Ideas

D. Impulse Expression

ANSWER: C. Persecutory Ideas

Which of the following statements is accurate about the Cannot Say (CNS) scale of the MMPI-3?

A. A CNS score of 10 or higher always makes the test results invalid.

B. Unscorable responses are treated as if the test-taker answered in the keyed direction.

C. A CNS score of 15 or greater raises concerns about compromised validity.

D. High CNS scores only indicate that the test-taker was uncooperative.

ANSWER: C. A CNS score of 15 or greater raises concerns about compromised validity.

Which of the following statements is accurate about the Combined Response Inconsistency (CRIN) scale of the MMPI-3?

A. CRIN measures only random responding.

B. A CRIN score of 80T or higher indicates an invalid protocol due to excessive response inconsistency.

C. A high CRIN score always means the test-taker was intentionally uncooperative.

D. CRIN does not include information from other inconsistency scales.

ANSWER: B. A CRIN score of 80T or higher indicates an invalid protocol due to excessive response inconsistency.

Which of the following tests makes use of ipsative scoring?

A. MMPI

B. MCMI

C. EPPS

D. NEO-PI

ANSWER: C. EPPS

Which of the following methods for setting cut scores is anchored on Item Response Theory (IRT)?

A. Bookmark Method

B. Angoff Method

C. Method of Contrasting Groups

D. Known Group Method

ANSWER: A. Bookmark Method

A test developer is designing a new personality inventory for use in workplace settings. After creating an initial pool of 80 items, a pilot test is conducted. Statistical analysis reveals that several items related to emotional resilience have low factor loadings. The developer rewrites these items to better reflect the construct. After the revision, the test is then published. Which of the following best describes the developer's approach?

A. Acceptable, because aligning items with theoretical constructs strengthens content validity.

B. Problematic, because revised items require empirical validation to ensure reliability and validity.

C. Reasonable, provided that expert judgment was used in the item revision process.

D. Effective, since theoretical alignment compensates for the lack of additional empirical testing.

ANSWER: B. Problematic, because revised items require empirical validation to ensure reliability and validity.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key difference between the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

A. The TAT uses ambiguous inkblots, while the Rorschach uses structured images of real people.

B. The Rorschach is a storytelling technique, while the TAT focuses on perception and association.

C. The Rorschach uses more structured instructions and measures perception, while the TAT encourages imagination and open-ended storytelling.

D. Both tests use structured scoring systems that discourage subjective interpretation by the examiner.

ANSWER: C. The Rorschach uses more structured instructions and measures perception, while the TAT encourages imagination and open-ended storytelling.

Which of the following is the non-parametric equivalent of the independent t-test?

A. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

B. Mann-Whitney U Test

C. Kruskal-Wallis Test

D. Chi-Square Test

ANSWER: B. Mann-Whitney U Test

Dr. Miranda created a test to predict job performance in airline pilots. She found that cognitive ability tests already explained a significant portion of performance variance. She then considered adding a stress tolerance measure. After conducting statistical analyses, she discovered that stress tolerance explained additional variance in performance that cognitive ability alone did not account for. Which concept was best demonstrated in this scenario?

A. Construct validity

B. Incremental validity

C. Predictive efficiency

D. Extraneous Variable

ANSWER: B. Incremental validity

In the context of psychometric soundness, which of the following components must be present to ensure that a psychological test is both dependable and appropriate for its intended purpose?

A. Reliability and validity

B. Validity and utility

C. Reliability and utility

D. Reliability, validity, and utility

ANSWER: A. Reliability and validity

When discussing assessment results with a client or the client's family, which of the following is considered an ethical practice?

A. Provide raw scores and technical descriptions to ensure full disclosure of all assessment outcomes.

B. Explain the results using appropriate psychological terminology, even if some concepts may be difficult for non-experts.

C. Present findings in language that is accessible to the client while maintaining accuracy and respect for professional standards.

D. Send an electronic copy of the full assessment report to the client to promote easy access and transparency.

ANSWER: C. Present findings in language that is accessible to the client while maintaining accuracy and respect for professional standards.

Which psychological condition is the most commonly associated with the MMPI Psychasthenia (Pt) scale?

A. Schizophrenia

B. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

C. Somatic Symptom Disorder

D. Major Depressive Disorder

ANSWER: B. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Statement 1: When there are carryover effects, the test-retest correlation usually underestimates the true reliability.

Statement 2: Carryover effects that are systematic can harm the value of the reliability.

A. First statement is true

second statement is false

B. First statement is false; second statement is true

C. Both statements are true

D. Both statements are false

;ANSWER: B. First statement is false; second statement is true

When is it most appropriate to apply content validity during test development?

A. When the construct is clearly defined.

B. When an established external standard exists.

C. When there is limited theoretical understanding.

D. When items appear relevant to the test-taker.

ANSWER: A. When the construct is clearly defined.

Who among the following individuals is most likely to score high in the Self-Depreciation/Self-Confidence subscale of the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI)?

A. Liam often doubts his abilities and frequently criticizes himself, even when he performs well. He tends to downplay his achievements and believes others are more competent than him.

B. Sophie is highly confident in her skills and enjoys taking on challenges. She rarely second-guesses herself and sees setbacks as learning experiences.

C. Marco is highly sociable and enjoys being the center of attention. He thrives in social situations and finds it easy to connect with others.

D. Ella experiences occasional mood swings but generally maintains a positive outlook on life. She seeks emotional support when needed but does not dwell on self-doubt.

ANSWER: A. Liam often doubts his abilities and frequently criticizes himself, even when he performs well. He tends to downplay his achievements and believes others are more competent than him.

During a company-wide psychological assessment, Leo is given a personality test. As he goes through the items, he finds them vague and unrelated to personality traits such as choosing between abstract images or identifying shapes in patterns. He starts to doubt whether the test is genuinely assessing his personality and feels unmotivated to continue. Which type of validity is most likely being questioned or affected by Leo's reaction?

A. Content Validity

B. Construct Validity

C. Face Validity

D. Criterion-Related Validity

ANSWER: C. Face Validity

Which of the following psychological assessments does not utilize a free-response format?

A. SSCT

B. TAT

C. DAP

D. RPM

ANSWER: D. RPM