Preventive Medicine and Principles of Screening

Flashcards about preventive medicine and screening principles.

What is Preventive Medicine?

The practice of promoting preventive health care to improve patient well-being, ultimately preventing disease, disability, and death.

Name some examples of Preventive Medicine.

Vaccination, lifestyle modification, and screening programs.

According to the notes, what are the top 5 global risk factors?

High blood pressure, smoking/second-hand smoke exposure, high fasting blood sugar, high BMI, and childhood underweight.

What is Primordial prevention?

Prevents the emergence of risk factors in the population.

What is Primary prevention?

Prevents disease before it occurs.

What is Secondary prevention?

Detects early-stage disease.

What is Tertiary prevention?

Limits complications of existing disease.

What is Quaternary prevention?

Prevents over-medicalization.

What is the effect of legislation banning smoking in public areas?

Reduces exposure to secondhand smoke and discourages smoking initiation.

What is the use of Mammograms for breast cancer screening?

Detects cancer early, improving treatment outcomes.

What is the effect of Promoting green energy policies?

Reduces air pollution, lowering risks for respiratory diseases.

What is the effect of Limiting antibiotic use in upper respiratory infections?

Prevents antibiotic resistance by avoiding unnecessary prescriptions.

What is the use of Cardiac rehabilitation after heart attack?

Helps patients recover function and prevents further cardiac events.

What is the use of Pap smear for cervical cancer screening?

Identifies precancerous changes for timely treatment.

What is the use of Vaccination against influenza?

Builds immunity and prevents infection.

What is the use of Speech Therapy for patient with aphasia?

Improves communication skills following brain injury or stroke.

What is the use of Free School meal programs?

Encourages healthy eating habits in children, reducing future obesity risks.

What is the use of Urban planning for active transportation (e.g. Biking lanes)?

Promotes physical activity by creating environments conducive to walking and cycling.

Give an example of Primary preventive intervention.

Smoking cessation programs.

What is the use of Physical therapy after stroke?

Restores mobility and reduces disability caused by the stroke.

What is the use of Colonoscopy for screening for colorectal cancer?

Detects polyps or cancer at an early stage, enabling effective treatment.

According to Wilson & Jungner’s criteria, list three basic principles of screening.

The test should be acceptable to the population, there should be a treatment for the condition and facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.

What are the benefits of screening?

Early detection, reduced mortality, and cost-effectiveness long term.

What are the risks of screening?

False positives, overdiagnosis, and unnecessary anxiety.

What are the risks of Screening with mammogram for breast cancer?

False Positive, Over Detection and Missed Breast Cancer.

What are the benefits of Screening with mammogram for breast cancer?

Peace of Mind, Easier Treatment, Mammograms are safe and effective and Lives Saved.

Name three common cancer screening programs.

Mammography, Pap smear, and Colonoscopy.

Name some common infectious diseases screening programs.

HIV and Hepatitis B.

Name on common cardiovascular screening programs.

Hyperlipidemia.

What is Autonomy in the context of ethical considerations in screening?

Right to refuse screening.

What is Justice in the context of ethical considerations in screening?

Access for all populations.

What is Non-maleficence in the context of ethical considerations in screening?

Avoiding harm from unnecessary tests.