date collections test 1 pt 2

Vocabulary flashcards covering ROM measurements, goniometry, end feels, muscle contractions, joint packing, and manual muscle testing based on Chapter 1 notes.

End Feel

Structures that limit joint movement, assessed using hands during passive range of motion (PROM).

Normal End Feels

Firm end feel, hard end feel, and soft end feel.

Abnormal End Feels

Abnormal hard end feel, abnormal soft end feel, abnormal firm end feel, springy block end feel, spasm end feel, and empty end feel.

Capsular Pattern

Limitation of PROM that occurs when a joint capsule is damaged.

Noncapsular Pattern

Limitation of joint movement that does not follow the predictable standard capsular pattern.

Validity

Refers to whether a measurement technique is accurate.

Reliability (Measurement Technique)

Refers to whether a measurement is consistent or repeatable.

Inter-tester Reliability

Measurement consistency between different clinicians.

Intra-tester Reliability

Measurement consistency maintained by just yourself.

Neutral Zero Method

Standard way to measure joint ROM using a $0^\text{o}$ starting point.

Therapist Role in AROM Assessment

Landmark identification, tool alignment, and documentation.

Therapist Role in PROM Assessment

Stabilization, guiding movement, tool alignment, and documentation.

Documenting ROM Lacking Extension

Documented by noting the start of motion at the extension deficit to full flexion, such as ext $20-100^\text{o}$ when lacking $20^\text{o}$ of extension.

Documenting Hyperextension ROM

Documented starting from hyperextension through zero to full flexion, such as $5-0-100^\text{o}$ for $5^\text{o}$ of hyperextension and $100^\text{o}$ of flexion.

Hypermobile Joints

Joints such as elbows, wrists, fingers, and knees that can stretch beyond normal ROM.

Manual Muscle Test (MMT)

A hands-on method used to measure a patient's muscle strength.

Muscle Strength

The maximum amount of force a muscle can generate.

Torque

The amount of force required to create rotation around a joint.

Isometric Action

A muscle action where muscles produce force but no movement occurs.

Concentric Action

A muscle action where the muscle shortens while producing force.

Eccentric Action

A muscle action where the muscle lengthens while producing force.

Agonist

The muscle doing the primary work.

Antagonist

The muscle directly opposing the work.

Synergist

A muscle in the same vicinity helping with motion.

Close Packed Position

Joint alignment where articulating bone surfaces are fully congruent.

Open Packed Position

Joint alignment where joint surface congruency is minimized.

Contraindications for Assessing Muscle Strength

Situations where movement will cause further damage, suspected subluxation or dislocation, and myositis ossificans or ectopic ossification.

Precautions for Assessing Muscle Strength

Conditions requiring caution, including painful conditions, inflammation, disruption of soft tissue, medications, osteoporosis, and hypermobile joints.

Three Factors Used to Grade MMT

Evidence of contraction, gravity as a resistance, and amount of manual resistance.

WNL

Abbreviation for Within Normal Limits, documented when full range of motion is present.

WFL

Abbreviation for Within Functional Limits, documented when range of motion is not completely full.

NT

Abbreviation for Not Tested, documented when there is too much pain or a motion is not measured.