IB ESS Key Equations
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10 Terms
1
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Crude birth rate (CBR)
(total births in a year / total population) x 1000
2
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Crude death rate (CDR)
(total deaths in a year / total population) x 1000
3
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Natural increase rate (NIR)
(CBR - CDR) / 10
4
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Doubling time (DT)
70 / NIR (%)
5
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Ecological footprint (EF)
total area required to sustain a population / total population size
6
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Net primary productivity (NPP)
NPP = GPP - R
7
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Gross secondary productivity (GSP)
Food eaten - fecal loss
8
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Net secondary productivity (NSP)
GSP - R
9
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Trophic level efficiency
(energy at higher trophic level / energy at lower trophic level) x 100
10
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Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Amount of dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms to decompose organic matter (higher indicates more pollution)