Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis I

Flashcards from the lecture notes on Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis I, cover key concepts, definitions, and important details relevant to the exam.

What are the main objectives of the course Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis I?

To understand the principles of instrumental analysis methods, functioning of measurement instruments, correct method selection, and quantitative determination using instrumental analysis.

What are the requirements to pass the Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis I course?

Completion of all laboratory practicals and achieving at least 50 points out of a total of 100 points.

Define qualitative analysis.

Qualitative analysis is the determination of the identity of components in a sample.

Define quantitative analysis.

Quantitative analysis is the determination of the quantity of a component in a sample.

What is an analyte?

An analyte is the component in a sample whose concentration or nature is determined in chemical analysis.

What is the purpose of the calibration function?

The calibration function establishes a mathematical relationship between the analytical signal (S) and the concentration of the analyte (C).

What is the difference between systematic errors and random errors in chemical analysis?

Systematic errors affect accuracy and are predictable, while random errors affect precision and are unpredictable.

What is meant by 'selectivity' in analytical methods?

Selectivity is the ability to eliminate interferences in the analysis process.

What substances are categorized as 'analytes'?

Analytes are components in the analyzed sample that are of interest for chemical determination.

What are standard reference materials (SRM)?

SRMs are materials with a known concentration of the analyte used to determine accuracy in analytical measurements.

List types of instrumental analytical methods.

Instrumental methods include electrochemical methods, optical methods (spectral), and separation methods (chromatographic).

What is the role of a blank sample in chemical analysis?

A blank sample reproduces the composition of the sample matrix without containing the analyte.

What is precision in the context of analytical measurements?

Precision refers to the degree of repeatability of replicated measurements.

How is accuracy expressed mathematically?

Accuracy is expressed as absolute error E, which is the difference between the measured value (xm) and the true value (xa): E = Xm – Xa.

What influences the precision of analytical measurements?

Precision is influenced by systematic errors, random errors, and instrumental errors.

What is the significance of the limit of detection (LOD)?

The limit of detection is the lowest concentration of the analyte that can be reliably detected by the analytical method.

What types of samples are included in the analysis?

Samples can include solids, liquids, gases, and can be classified as organic or inorganic matrices, food, drugs, biological fluids, soil, air, etc.

Name the textbook recommended in the course.

One recommended textbook is 'Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry' by Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch.