Intro to Earth Science Final

What is Step 1 of the scientific method?

Problem / Question

What is Step 2 of the scientific method?

Hypothesis

What is Step 3 of the scientific method?

Experiment

What is Step 4 of the scientific method?

analysis

What is Step 5 of the scientific method?

Conclusion

What is Step 6 of the scientific method?

Publish

Hypothesis → What step number is this?

Step 2

Experiment → What step number is this?

Step 3

Publish → What step number is this?

Step 6

Problem/Question→ What step number is this?

Step 1

Analysis→ What step number is this?

Step 4

Conclusion → What step number is this?

Step 5

What is Biosphere?

all living things on Earth

What is Geosphere?

the area from the surface of Earth down to its center

What is Hydrosphere?

all water on Earth

What is Atmosphere?

The blanket of gasses that surrounds our planet

What is a scientific theory?

An idea backed up by lots of tests.

What is a law?

A rule in science that always happens.

What is a model?

A small copy or pictures to help explain something.

What’s the difference between the Constants and the Controls?

Constants = things that stay the same. Control = what you compare the test to.

What’s the difference between a Hypothesis and a Scientific Theory?

Hypothesis = a guess you test. Theory = an idea proven many times.

Why is it important to remove bias from a lab?

So results are fair.

What are constants?

Things that stay the same.

What is a control?

What you compare the test to.

What is plate tectonics?

Plate tectonics is the movement of Earth’s plates on the surface.

What are tectonic plates?

Big pieces of Earth’s crust and lithosphere that move slowly.

What is a convergent boundary?

When two plates move toward each other.

What happens at a convergent boundary?

Mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes can form.

What is a divergent boundary?

When two plates move away from each other.

Where are divergent boundaries found?

At mid-ocean ridges or rift valleys.

What is a transform boundary?

When plates slide past each other.

What causes earthquakes?

Stress builds up between plates and suddenly releases.

What is the epicenter?

The spot on Earth’s surface above the earthquake.

What are P waves?

Fast earthquake waves that arrive first.

What are S waves?

Slower waves that move side to side and only travel through solids.

What is a volcano?

An opening where lava, ash, and gas come out of Earth.

What is a stratovolcano?

A volcano made of layers of lava, ash, and rock.

Why are stratovolcanoes dangerous?

They can explode and cause big eruptions.

What is a lahar?

A fast mudflow made of ash, water, and rock.

What caused the Nevado del Ruiz disaster?

The eruption melted ice and made deadly lahars.

What is seafloor spreading?

New ocean crust forms at ridges and moves outward.

Where is old ocean crust destroyed?

At deep-sea trenches.

What is continental drift?

The idea that continents used to be together and moved apart.

What evidence supports continental drift?

Fossils, matching land shapes, and old glaciers.

Why are there sea fossils on Mt. Everest?

The land used to be under the ocean and was pushed up.

What plates formed the Himalayas?

The Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

What kind of boundary formed Mt. Everest?

A convergent boundary.

What does a seismograph do?

Measures earthquake waves.

How do scientists find an epicenter?

By using data from three seismograph stations.

Why do scientists study volcanoes?

To predict eruptions and keep people safe.

Why do tectonic plates move?

Because of convection currents in the mantle.

What is evidence?

Facts or information that prove something is true.

What is a shield volcano?

A wide volcano with gentle slopes formed by thin, runny lava.

What is a cinder cone volcano?

A small, steep volcano made mostly of ash and rock from one vent.

What is a composite (stratovolcano)?

A tall volcano formed from layers of lava and ash.

What are pyroclastic materials?

Pieces of ash, rock, and debris released during a volcanic eruption.

What is magma?

Melted rock found below the Earth’s surface.

What is lava?

Magma that has reached the Earth’s surface.

What is a lava flow?

Lava that moves across the ground after erupting from a volcano.

What is a vent?

An opening where lava, ash, and gases escape from a volcano.

What is a crater?

A bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.

What is a magma chamber?

An underground area where magma collects before an eruption.

What is a caldera?

A large hollow area formed when a volcano collapses after a big eruption

What is a subduction zone?

A place where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another plate.

Where do stratovolcanoes usually form?

At convergent plate boundaries where plates collide.

What is a volcanic hot spot?

A place where magma rises from deep inside the Earth, not at a plate boundary.

What is continental drift?

The idea that continents slowly move over Earth’s surface.

Who proposed the theory of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener.

What are fossils?

Remains or traces of plants or animals from the past.

What fossil helped prove Pangaea?.

Lystrosaurus

What are glaciers?

Large sheets of slow-moving ice.

How were the Himalayan Mountains formed?

When India crashed into Asia

What happens when plates collide?

Mountains can form.

What is a divergent boundary?

Where plates move away from each other.

What usually forms at divergent boundaries?

Mid-ocean ridges.