Chapter_2_Operating_System_Structure

Operating System (OS)

Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

User Interface

The means by which a user interacts with a computer, including command-line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A user interface that allows users to interact with the operating system by typing commands into a console or terminal.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A visual way to interact with a computer using graphical elements, such as windows, icons, and menus.

System Call

A programming interface that allows users to request services from the operating system's kernel.

Resource Allocation

The process of assigning system resources such as CPU time, memory, and I/O devices to various tasks.

File System Manipulation

A service provided by an OS that allows programs to read and write files and directories.

Error Detection

A service that identifies and corrects errors to ensure reliable computing.

Process Control

System calls that manage processes, such as creating, terminating, and handling process attributes.

Device Management

System calls that involve managing device resources, including requesting and releasing devices.

Microkernel

An OS structure that moves most functions outside the kernel, ensuring communication via message passing.

Hybrid System

An operating system structure that combines multiple architectural models to enhance performance and usability.

Cocoa Touch

A UI framework for developing applications on iOS devices using the Objective-C programming language.

Application Programming Interface (API)

A set of functions and protocols that allow one application to interact with another, often used to access system calls.

Background Services

Services that run in the background to perform tasks such as disk checking and error logging, typically initiated at boot time.

System Programs

Utility programs that provide a convenient environment for program development and execution, not directly involved with system calls.

Communication System Calls

Calls that enable processes to communicate with each other, such as sending and receiving messages.

User Authentication

The process of verifying the identity of a user trying to access a system, crucial for maintaining security.

Accounting in OS

Tracking usage of resources by users for purposes such as billing and resource allocation.

Layered Structure in OS

An architectural model where the OS is divided into layers, each built on top of the previous one, with the bottom layer being hardware.

Unix/Linux API

Standard interfaces in Unix-like systems that allow software to interact with the operating system.

File Descriptor (fd)

An integer that uniquely identifies an opened file within an operating system.

Mac OS X Kernel

The core component of the Mac OS X operating system that interacts with the system's hardware.

Open Handset Alliance

A consortium led by Google that oversees the development of the Android operating system.

______ is the software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

Operating System (OS)

The ______ is the means by which a user interacts with a computer.

User Interface

A ______ allows users to interact with the operating system by typing commands.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A ______ provides a visual way to interact with a computer using graphical elements.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A system call is a programming interface that allows users to request services from the operating system's ______.

kernel

The process of ______ involves assigning system resources to various tasks.

Resource Allocation

______ manipulation is a service provided by an OS that allows programs to read and write files.

File System

The service that identifies and corrects errors for reliable computing is called ______.

Error Detection

______ control involves managing processes, such as creating and terminating them.

Process

A ______ is an OS structure that moves most functions outside the kernel.

Microkernel