Degenerative Neurological Disorders & Disorders of the Motor Unit

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The term ____________ (ALS) is used to identify a group of progressive, degenerative neuromuscular diseases; in the US, it is commonly called Lou Gehrig’s disease.

fasciculations

Twitching of the muscle fascicles at rest is known as _______.

Alzheimer's disease

________ (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder.

mental disorder

Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a ______ by the American Psychiatric Association.

Huntington's disease

_______ is a fatal, degenerative neurological disorder related to a mutation on the fourth chromosome.

Chorea

_________, seen in clients with Huntington’s disease, consists of rapid, involuntary, irregular movements.

Multiple Sclerosis, exacerbation, remission

_________ (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS and is marked by periods of _______, which could range from fatigue to extensive paralysis and ________ and might involve the total resolution of symptoms.

Primary progressive

The ________ form of MS (10% of the MS population) is distinguished by a downward course with episodes of exacerbations or remission.

Parkinson's disease

__________ (PD) is one of the most common adult-onset degenerative neurological disorders; associated symptoms include tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Rigidity

__________ is the stiffness within a muscle that impedes smooth movement.

motor unit

The _______ is the basic functional unit of the peripheral nervous system and consists of four elements: the cell body of the motor neuron, the axon of the motor neuron, the neuromuscular junction, and muscle fibers innervated by the neuron.

lower motor

The __________ neuron system includes the cell bodies in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and their axons and the nuclei of cranial nerves III through X.

Peripheral

_______ neuropathies involve lesions in the lower motor neuron system and may be located in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves or their nuclei in the brainstem.

Guillain-Barré

_________ syndrome (also known as an acute idiopathic neuropathy, infectious polyneuritis, and Landry’s syndrome) is an acute inflammatory disorder in which the body’s own immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system.

post-polio

Between 25% and 40% of persons who had polio in childhood experience symptoms of _______ syndrome, such as new muscle pain or weakness.

brachial plexus

The ___________ includes the nerves from C5 through T1, and these fibers, both sensory and motor, intertwine very closely with the vertebral column.

axillary

The _________ nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in the shoulder, and the most common cause of injury is anterior dislocation of the shoulder or fracture of the neck of the humerus.

Myasthenia Gravis

___________ (MG) is the most common chronic disease involving a disorder of chemical transmission at the nerve-muscle synapse, or neuromuscular junction.

muscular dystrophy

The major types of __________ (MD) include Duchenne, Becker, facioscapulohumeral, mytonic and limb girdle.

Duchenne

___________ muscular dystrophy affects only males, and the age of onset is between 3 and 5 years.