lab practical pre lab quiz responses 7-14

During the S period of interphase

synthesis (or replication) of the DNA takes place

The genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotes is organized into

chromosomes

The process of cytoplasmic division is known as

cytokinesis

Sister chromatids separate during

anaphase

The correct sequence of stages in mitosis is

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

In meiosis, the number of chromosomes _______, while in mitosis, it _______

is halved / remains the same

If both homologous chromosomes of each pair exist in the same nucleus, that nucleus is

diploid

Crossing over of genes on non-sister chromatids occurs during

prophase I

Cell plate formation

occurs in plant cells but not in animal cells b) usually begins during telophase c) is a result of fusion of Golgi vesicles

Crossing over is

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

The statistical test we will be using to determine whether your results fit your hypothesis is the

Chi-square test

In certain fungi, such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria fimicola, meiosis occurs within a structure called

ascus

In Sordaria fimicola, the multicellular fungal body is composed of individual haploid cells arranged in long filaments called

hyphae

Which is the step of fertilization when the haploid nuclei fuse

karyogamy

Clusters of asci develop within a special spore dispersal structure or fruiting body called a

perithecium

Genes that are located on the same chromosomes or genes that are located close to the centromere are called

linked genes

The spores that are genetically changed by crossing over when genes are linked are called

recombinant

The frequency (proportion) of crossover-produced ascospores as a measure of the relative distance separating the gene locus and the centromere is the

recombination frequency

In a monohybrid cross

only one trait is being considered

The genetic makeup of an organism is its

genotype

An allele whose expression is completely masked by the expression or effect of its allelic partner is

recessive

The physical appearance and physiology of an organism, resulting from interactions of its genetic makeup and its environment, is its

phenotype

When both dominant and recessive alleles are present within a single nucleus, the organism is ___ for the trait

heterozygous

A Punnett square is used to determine

possible genetic outcomes of a cross

Possible gamete genotypes produced by an individual of genotype PpDd are

PD, Pd, pD, and pd

_________ is the enzyme that copies DNA during PCR

DNA polymerase

Which of the following processes is PCR most like?

DNA replication

Which step of PCR creates new strands of DNA at 72°C?

Extension step

What type of molecule is used as a template in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

DNA

Which step of PCR involves heating the DNA to 94°C in order to separate the strands?

Denaturation step

____________ specify which part of the DNA will be amplified by PCR

DNA primers

The portion of RNA that is removed during RNA splicing is called the

Intron

PCR products containing an ALU insertion will be ___________ a product without an insertion.

Longer than

To extract DNA from your cheek cells we will

• Heating to rupture cells

• Using InstaGene matrix to chelate ions

• Denaturing DNases that could degrade your DNA

Which of these is not part of the recipe for PCR amplification?

RNA template

The gene that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) comes from

Bioluminescent jellyfish

The pGLO plasmid encodes the gene for GFP and a gene for resistance to a(n)

antibiotic

The act of transformation includes

• Calcium chloride (CaCl₂): makes the membrane permeable\n

• Heat shock: encourages plasmid uptake\n

• Incubation/nutrients: helps recovery and gene expression

We will be transforming

Bacteria cells

How many bacteria cells does it take to start a bacterial colony on an agar plate?

1

A gene is a piece of DNA which provides the instructions for making (codes for) a

Protein

________ involves the insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait

Genetic transformation

The gene for GFP in the pGLO plasmid can be switched on in transformed cells by adding

arabinose

Bacteria naturally contain one or more small circular pieces of DNA called

Plasmids

Charles Darwin wrote the seminal book entitled

On the Origin of Species

The mechanism of evolution that Charles Darwin proposed is

natural selection

__________________ , not individuals, evolve.

Populations

Natural selection leads to the accumulation of individuals in a population with _______________ traits.

Beneficial

The different members of a population are born with ________________ of a certain trait.

Variations

Modern whales are

mammals

Fossilized extinct ancestors of modern whales

look less and less like whales as we move backward in time

Which whale ancestor looked like a hyena?

Mesonychids

Structural similarities among organisms are called

homologies

You will be looking for molecular homologies in the

Cytochrome c enzyme

Which of these is not a requirement for a population to stay in equilibrium?

Have natural selection

Which of these is the mechanism of evolution that is caused by chance fluctuations in the gene pool?

Genetic Drift

Which mechanism of evolution results in adaptation to changing environmental conditions?

Natural selection

Which mechanism of evolution is a change in DNA sequence?

Mutation

Which mechanism of evolution results from migration between populations?

Gene flow

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation the frequency of the recessive allele is represented as

q

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation the frequency of the homozygous recessive individuals is represented as

q²

2pq is the frequency of

heterozygous individuals

If q² for a population is 0.36, then the frequency of the recessive allele is

0.6

The frequency of the recessive allele plus the frequency of the dominant allele always equals

1

The individuals responsible for constructing the first model of DNA structure were

Crick and Watson

Deoxyribose is

a five-carbon sugar

A nucleotide may consist of

• a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose),

• a phosphate group, and

• a nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidine)

Which of the following is consistent with the principle of base pairing?

adenine-thymine

Nitrogen-containing bases between two complementary DNA strands are joined by

hydrogen bonds

The difference between deoxyribose and ribose is that ribose

has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose

Transcription of DNA

results in formation of a complementary strand of RNA

An anticodon

is a three-base sequence of nucleotides on tRNA