Cooperation, Relevance and Courtesy

Flashcards on Cooperation, Relevance, and Courtesy based on lecture notes.

Principle of Cooperation

A pact established between participants in human communication, as described by Paul Grice.

Maxim of Quantity

Make your contribution as informative as required (neither more nor less).

Maxim of Manner

Be clear

Maxim of Quality

Make your contribution true.

Maxim of Relation/Relevance

Make your contribution relevant.

Flagrant Violation

Speaker blatantly disregards a maxim to evoke another meaning.

Concealed Violation

Speaker subtly disregards a maxim.

Suppression (of a maxim)

Explicitly stating you cannot fulfill a maxim

Suspension (of a maxim)

Equivalent of suppressing a maxim, but done so implicitly.

Principle of Courtesy

Contradicts Grice's maxims, stating politeness can make statements less informative, clear, or truthful.

Principle of Irony

Allows being impolite under the guise of politeness.

Principle of Burla (Banter Principle)

Allows being openly impolite to show solidarity.

Theory of Relevance

Focusing on relevant information in the context, interacting with linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.

Cognitive Environment

Mental representation of external reality in our brain.

Contextual Assumptions

Set of propositions considered true to varying degrees.

Communication Processes

Simultaneous processes of coding/decoding and ostension/inference in communication.

Ostensive

Pointing something out physically or linguistically.

Inferential

Deducing something from the context and our knowledge of the world.

Cognitive Principle of Relevance

Human cognition is oriented to maximize relevance.

Communicative Principle of Relevance

Every explicit communication act conveys the presumption of its own optimal relevance.

Explicature

Propostion expressed conventionally through the structure of language.

Implicature

Information inferred, derived from the relationship between the form of the statement and the implied premise.

Conceptual Adjustment

Process by which the concepts coded in the words can be modified and adjusted to be relevant.

Courtesy

Behavior to minimize confrontations.

Linguistic Courtesy

Linguistic behaviors related to good human relations.

Actions supporting courtesy

Actions that benefit the recipient and cost the sender, improving social relations.

Actions indifferent to courtesy

Actions that support the social relationship, but not necessary.

Actions conflicting with courtesy

Actions that conflict with courtesy because of the cost to the recipient.

Maxim of Tact

Minimize burden and maximize benefit to others.

Maxim of Generosity

Minimize your own benefit and maximize that of others.

Maxim of Approbation

Minimize disapproval; maximize approval of others.

Maxim of Modesty

Minimize praise of self; maximize praise of others.

Maxim of Agreement

Minimize disagreement; maximize agreement.

Maxim of Sympathy

Minimize antipathy; maximize sympathy.

Face (Public Image)

The emotional and social feeling that each person has and expects everyone to recognize.

Positive Image

Need to be admired and approved by others.

Autonomous (Negative) Image

Need for autonomy and independence.

Negative Politeness

Respecting the other person's freedom to act; avoids impeding or imposing.

Positive Politeness

Attempts to establish a positive connection; respects the need to be liked and understood.

Social Distance (D)

How similar people are and the level of knowledge they have between each other.

Power (P)

Amount of control (physical, social, emotional) one has on another.

Degree of Imposition (G)

Cost to the listener (requests, complaints, etc.).