Brachial Plexus Quiz

Torticollis

A fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation or flexion of the head and/or neck (wry neck)

Sprain

Ligaments

Strains

Muscles

Wry

Greek for crooked

Radiculopathy

Spinal nerve roots (pinched nerve)

Neuropathy

Peripheral nerve lesions

Order of nerve lesions

Neurapraxia, axonotomesis, neurotmesis

Plexopathy

Plexus lesions

Cervical radiculopathy

Neurogenic pain in the distribution of nerve root or roots, with associated numbness, weakness or loss of reflexes

What nerves are the most protected

C8-T1

Three causes to cervical radiculopathy

Bone spurs, herniated disc, and thickened ligamentum flavum

Preventive cooling goal

Treatment for acute spinal injuries, controls internal inflammation

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Collective title for a number of conditions attributed to compromise of BV’s or nerve fibers at any point between the base of the neck and axilla

Thoracic inlet

Superiorly

Thoracic outlet

Inferiorly

Seddons classification of nerve injuries

Neuropathies

Functions of the C spine

Support the skull
Articulations allow for neck ROM
Provide housing and transport for spinal cord and vertebral artery foremen

C1

Atlas, atypical vertebrae and no spinous process, yes movements

C2

Axis, atypical vertebrae, dens or odontoid process, no movements

Apical ligament

Connecting c2 to occiput

Alar ligament

Wings connecting c2 to occiput

Thyroid cartilage

C4-C5 vertebral level

Cricoid cartilage

C6 level

Alantoccipital joint

C1, condyloid joint, flexion and extension

Atlantoaxial joints

C1 and C2 rotation

Facet Joints (zygapophyseal)

Greek for joining, decrease weight bearing stress and accessory motions

Annulus fibrosus

Firm outer covering of intervertebral discs

Nucleus purposes

Pliable inner gel

Ligamentum flavum

Connects lamina

Ligamentum nuchae

Connects tips of spinous processes from c7 upward

Interspinal ligament

Between spinous processes

Supraspinal ligament

Connects tips of the spinous processes from c7 downward

Muscles that do flexion

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscles that do extension

Splenius cervices/capitis
Levator scapulae

Muscles that do rotation

Sternocleidomastoid (rotation to opposite side)
Splenius capitis/erector spinae(rotation to same side)

LAteral bending muscles

Scalenes and Sternocleidomastoid

Cervical plexus (C2-C4) nerves

C2: lesser occipital n
Great auricle n. C2
Transverse cervical n. C2-C3
Supraclavicular n (C3-C4)
Phrenic n (C3-C5)

Horners Syndrome

Lesion to sympathetic pathways of the cervical plexus

Results of Horners syndrome

Droopy eyes (ptosis)
Miosis (pupil contraction)
Anhidrosis (inability to sweat)
Enophthalmos (recession of eyeball)

The brachial plexus does what

Supplies innervation to the shoulder and arm

What are the 5 segments of the brachial plexus

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches

What does the posterior cord innervate

Shoulders and extensors

Lateral cord

From anterior divisions from upper and middle trunks

MEdial cord

From anterior divisions of lower trunk, innervation pests and flexors

C5 Myotome

Shoulder abduction and elbow flexion (blocker)

C6 Myotome

Elbow flexion and wrist extension (Beggar)

C7 Myotome

Elbow extension/wrist flexion and finger extension (kisser)

C8 Myotome

Finger flexion (gripper)

T1 Myotome

Finger abduction and adduction (Spock)

Reflex Testing c5

Brachial plexus biceps reflex

Reflex testing c6

Brachial plexus brachioradialis reflex

Reflex testing c7

Brachial plexus triceps reflex

Pure sensory zone deltoid patch

(axillary n)

Pure sensory zone tip of index finger

Median n

Pure sensory zones dorsal web space

Radial n

Pure sensory zones tip of 5th digit

Ulnar n

Special tests for c spine (8)

Pressure over Erbs point
Brachial plexus traction test
Cervical distraction test
Shoulder abduction
Vertebral artery test
Compression test
Adsons test
Hoffmann test