Cis Psych I

Aristotle

• Theorized about learning and memory, believed the soul was the heart. 

• Ideas discounted today but was asking the right questions.

• First University The Lyceum

Wilhelm Wundt

• Sought to measure “atoms of the mind” or simple mental processes. 

Titchener:

Structuralism; technique of introspection(looking inward)

William James (influenced by Darwin)

Functionalism; adaptive thinking(helps us survive) Stream of consciousness; Principles of Psychology (1890)

Mary Whiton Calkins

• Pioneering memory researcher;

     first female APA president

Floy Washburn:

• First woman to receive a Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior; The Animal Mind (1908)

Behaviorism

• Behavior scientifically defined, conditioned,

observed, and measured.

Watson, Rayner, Skinner:

• Championed scientific

study of behavior; fear can be learned

Freudian (psychoanalytic) psychology

• Emphasized ways that the unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect behavior

• Key early figure in personality research. 

Humanistic psychology

Found behaviorism and Freudian psychology too limiting

•Emphasized human growth potential

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow:

Focus on need for love, acceptance, and an environment that nurtures or limits personal growth. (Humanistic)

Neuroscience Q

How do pain message travel from the hand to the brain?

Evolutionary Q

How does evolution influence our behavior tendencies? 

Behavior Genetics   Q

Are things like sexual orientation, intelligence, and personality a product of nature or nurture? 

Psychodynamic  Q

How can someone’s personality be explained by unfilled wishes and childhood experiences? 

Behavioral 

How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? How we’re motivated by rewards. 

Cognitive Q

How do we use information in remembering? 

Social-Cultural Q

How are we affected by the people around us, and by our culture? 

Basic research:

build psychology's knowledge base. 

• Example: Developmental psychology studies how children change. 

Applied research

tackle practical problems. 

• Example: Industrial Organizational psychology uses psychological concepts to improve the workplace. 

•Counseling psychologists:

help people cope with life challenges and crises.

•Clinical psychologists:

Assist people with mental, emotional, behavior disorders. 

Psychiatrists

 medical doctors, can prescribe drugs, psychotherapy. 

Community psychologists:

work to create healthy environments, schools, workplace, etc.