EPIDEMIOLOGY & ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION

Malocclusion

a-ects a large segment of the population, it is considered to be a public health problem

descriptive surveys

establish the geographical pathology of a disease in terms of the severity of the malocclusioN

administrative surveys

are designed to establish the priorities for treatment

constructive surveys

described as etiological and ecological studies of malocclusion

Malocclusion

the description of dentofacial deviations according to a common characteristic, or norm

Edward Angle

classified malocclusion based on the mesialdistal relation of the teeth, dental arches and jaws

Edward Angle

He considered the maxillary first permanent molar as a fixed anatomical point in the jaws and the key to occlusion

Edward Angle

classified malocclusion into three broad categories

CLASS I- MALOCCLUSION

mandibular dental arch is in normal mesiodistal relation to the maxillary arch

CLASS I- MALOCCLUSION

MB cusp ng max. 1st molar ay nagoocclude sa BUCCAL groove ng mand. 1st molar

CLASS II- MALOCCLUSION

Mandibular dental arch and body are in distal relation to the maxillary arch

CLASS II- MALOCCLUSION

MB cusp ng max. 1st molar ay nagoocclude sa space ng mand. 1st molar at ng mand. 2nd premolar

CLASS II- MALOCCLUSION

ML cups ng mac. 1st molar ay mesial sa ML cusp ng mand. 1st molar

CLASS II/DIVISION 1- MALOCCLUSION

class II malocclusions, where the maxillary incisor teeth is in labioversion

CLASS II/DIVISION 2- MALOCCLUSION

where maxillary incisors are near normal anteroposteriorly or slightly in linguoversion

CLASS II/DIVISION 2- MALOCCLUSION

where the maxillary lateral incisors are tipped labially and/or mesially

CLASS II/SUBDIVISION- MALOCCLUSION

When the Class II molar relationship occurs on one side of the dental arch only

CLASS III- MALOCCLUSION

mandibular dental arch and body is in mesial relationship to the maxillary arch

CLASS III- MALOCCLUSION

MB cusp ng max. 1st molar ay nagoocclude sa space ng DC mand. 1st molar at ng MC ng mand. 2nd molar

PSEUDO CLASS III- MALOCCLUSION

is not a true Class III malocclusion

PSEUDO CLASS III- MALOCCLUSION

where the mandible shifts anteriorly in the glenoid fossa

PSEUDO CLASS III- MALOCCLUSION

when the jaws are brought together in centric occlusion

CLASS III – SUBDIVISION

is said to exist when the malocclusion exists unilaterally

Angle's classification

the first comprehensive classification of malocclusion

Skeletal Class I

malocclusions were purely dental with the bones of the face and jaws being in harmony with one another and with the rest of the head

Skeletal Class I

profile is orthognathic

DIVISION 1- SKELETAL CLASS 1

Local malrelations of incisors, canine and premolars

DIVISION 2- SKELETAL CLASS 1

Maxillary incisor protrusion

DIVISION 3- SKELETAL CLASS 1

Maxillary incisors in linguoversion

DIVISION 4- SKELETAL CLASS 1

Bimaxillary protrusion

Skeletal Class II

malocclusion with a subnormal distal mandibular development in relation to the maxilla

DIVISION 1- SKELETAL CLASS 2

maxillary dental arch is narrower with crowding in the canine region

DIVISION 1- SKELETAL CLASS 2

Cross bite may be present and the vertical face height is decreased

DIVISION 1- SKELETAL CLASS 2

maxillary anterior teeth are protruded and the profile is retrognathic

DIVISION 2- SKELETAL CLASS 2

maxillary incisors are lingually inclined, the lateral incisors may be normal or in labioversion

Skeletal Class III

overgrowth of the mandible with an obtuse mandibular plane angle

Skeletal Class III

profile is prognathic at the mandible

INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

considered simpler and more relevant than Angle's classification

INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

was adopted by the British Standards Institute

INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

based upon the relationship of the lower incisor edges and the cingulum plateau of the maxillary central incisor

CLASS I- INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

mandibular incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the maxillary central incisors

CLASS II- INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

mandibular incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the maxillary central incisors

DIVISION 1 CLASS II- INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

The maxillary central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increased overjet

DIVISION 2 CLASS II- INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

The maxillary central incisors are retroclined; the overjet is normally minimum, but may be increased

CLASS III- INCISOR CLASSIFICATION

mandibular incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors, the overjet is reduced

Graber's Classification

one of the easiest to understand and remember as it associates the malocclusion with the etiologic factor

Supernumerary Teeth

Can vary significantly in size, shape, and location

Supernumerary Teeth

May resemble the teeth of their group (e.g., incisors, premolars, molars) or look distinct from adjacent teeth.

Supplemental Teeth

closely resemble a particular tooth group and erupt near the original site of those teeth

Mesiodens

most common type of supernumerary tooth

Mesiodens

usually located between the maxillary central incisors, with significant shape variability

Missing Teeth

due to congenital absence, accidents, or issues

Ankylosis or partial ankylosis

encountered relatively frequently during the mixed dentition stage

Ankylosis or partial ankylosis

Occurs as a result of trauma to the tooth which perforates the periodontal membrane