Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

This set of flashcards covers key concepts regarding the functional organization of nervous tissue, focusing on cell types, nervous system divisions, neuronal signaling, and synaptic communication.

The two main cell types in nervous tissue are and .

neurons and glial cells

Neurons are __ cells of the nervous system that generate electrical impulses.

electrically excitable

The __ nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

central

Cranial nerves originate from the and there are pairs.

brain; 12

The __ is a collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord.

ganglion

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system transmits action potentials from the CNS to __.

effectors

The __ nervous system is responsible for voluntary control over skeletal muscles.

somatic

Schwann cells in the PNS are responsible for forming __ around axons.

myelin sheaths

Action potentials are initiated when the membrane potential reaches __.

threshold

During __, the inside of the cell becomes more positive due to the influx of sodium ions.

depolarization

The __ period is when a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus, no matter how strong.

absolute refractory

Chemical synapses involve the release of __ that diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

neurotransmitters

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) causes __ in the postsynaptic cell.

depolarization

A __ potential is a relatively small change in the membrane potential in a localized area.

graded

The __ classification of neurons is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body.

structural

Neurotransmitters can have either an or an effect depending on the receptor they bind to.

excitatory; inhibitory