Lab Final Review

Is fructose a reducing sugar?

-yes

A silver mirror formed inside the test tube is due to reduced species (metallic silver), which is

-elemental silver

What is soap made from?

-oil or fat and an alkali

Esters can be prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction of an alcohol and a/an

-carboxylic acid

Vitamin C is available in many fruits and vegetables

-yes

Amines are derivatives of

-ammonia in which one to three hydrogens are replaced by hydrocarbon groups

A “carbonyl” is

-a carbon-oxygen double bond

What happens in the hydrolyazation of a carboxylic acid ester?

-breaking down its components into: a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Ammonium salts and quarternary ammonium salts tend to be ____ soluble in water than the free amines

-more

To make the amine drugs are more water soluble, they are often converted to

-amine hydrochlorides

The most abundant organic substance found in nature is

-cellulose

Long-chain carboxylic acids are

-solid

Solid soaps are sodium or potassium salt of the long chain

-fatty acids

Sour milk curdles turn solid and chunky when

-the lactic acid denatures the casein

Which of the below answers is correct about the pH of soap?

-9-11

The pleasant aroma of many flowers and fruits is due to naturally occurring

-esters

The salivary glands secrete an enzyme called ptyalin, which can hydrolyze

-dextrins

While an acid was used for hydrolyzing carbohydrates in one lab, ____ was used to do the same in another lab

-yeast (dissolved in water)

When an alkane like butane burns completely in oxygen, it converts into:

-carbon dioxide and water

Based on the information in the lab manual and your lab experience, was isopropyl alcohol water-soluble?

-yes

Which enzyme is in the intestinal juice and yeast can hydrolyze sucrose?

-invertase (sucrase)

A sample with a lot of vitamin C is added to the starch-iodine solution

-fades to a clear/yellow color

When soap is being made in a laboratory, ____ (by-product) formed in the process mixed with the soap at the preparation

-glycerol

What does the fact that ninhydrin will stain your skin tell you about the composition of your skin?

-there are amino acids and proteins as a significant component of the skin

Lipids are mainly

-esters

That chemical species remained after you cooked sugar until it became a black residue is ____

-carbon

Which of the following food types has the most concentrated energy (Energy Value per gram) available?

-lipids

Water may be called a “universal solvent” since it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid can do due to its ____ nature and unique physical properties

-polar

Amides are derivatives of

-carboxylic acids

Denaturation process causes to change or destroy ___ of a protein

-the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Vitamin C functions as a key antioxidant that protects

-the cell damage from free radicals

Ninhydrin will react with ___ to give a blue-violet color

-amino acids and proteins

Which of the following answers best describes the carbon structure in a cycloalkane?

-carbon molecules have joined together in a ring

Inhalation of vehicle exhaust in a closed environment due to “carbon monoxide intoxication.” The chemical formula for carbon monoxide is

-CO

Small organic compounds containing less than five carbon atoms and atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur are

-soluble in water

Which of the following is NOT one of the safety rules?

-long pants and closed shoes are advised, but shorts and sandals may be worn in hot weather

Which of the following statements about cycloalkene is true?

-they have a carbon-carbon double bond

Which of the following functional groups represents aldehydes?

-CHO

Glucose is a

-monosaccharide

A secondary amine has ___ alkyl groups attached

-two