Opium Wars - Causes, events, effects

Manchus

The nomads of the Manchurian plains that were recruited by the Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

The Manchus that overthrew the Ming dynasty

Qings

The Manchus than created the Qing dynasty

Canton Trading System

Regulated trading system of China

Canton

The only port that foreigners could trade to China through

Tribute

A gift given to the leader to show gratitude for their leadership

Kowtowing

Kneeling to the leader to show respect

Opium

A drug that the British sold to Chinese illegally to fix the trade imbalance

Lord George Macartney

The British leader that tried to fix the trade imbalance by reasoning with the Chinese emperor

Opium clippers

the modernized, fast clipper ships that smuggle opium to China

"Fast crabs" and "scrambling dragons"

the Chinese boats that would collect and then disperse opium along the coast of China

Lin Zexu

Imperial Commissioner of Canton; in charge of prohibiting opium

Hawks

British parliament members that wanted to start a war over the prohibition of opium

Doves

British parliament members that believed opium should be illegal

Opium war

The war over the trade of opium between China and Britain:
Britain wanted to keep opium
China wanted to prohibit opium

Chuanbi

The area of Canton that was invaded -> caused the First Opium War

Chinkiang

The Chinese city that fell to the British during the final major battle

Nanking

The Chinese city that became open to invasion after Chinkiang fell -> scary because taking that over would break China into North + South

Treaty of Nanking

Treaty of the First Opium War

Hong Kong

British territory in China -> taken during Treaty of Nanking

The unequal treaties

The treaties during the Opium Wars that lessened the Chinese government's control over its own country

Extraterritoriality

When foreigners are exempt from the law of a nation

Treaties of Tianjin

The treaty for the Second Opium War

Beijing Treaty

The extra treaty signed after the Second Opium War after the Chinese persisted