renaissance

gazis

tight and powerful raiding bands

looted to survive

osmanis

most powerful anatolian turk group

broke away from the dominion of other turkish rulers, the seljuks

gazis

tight and powerful raiding bands

looted to survive

osmanis

most powerful anatolian turk group

broke away from the dominion of other turkish rulers, the seljuks

osman

first ottoman

warrior against the seljuks

gained legitimacy from prophecy +fake tie to mohhammad

janissaries

elite fighting corp of the ottoman empire

highly privileged

close contact with the royal household

later became less of a military group and more of a network of powerful people

viziers

smartest janissaries who would be advisors and close confidants to the sultan

pashas/beys

janissaries with political promise

responsible for collecting taxes and making sure the peace and stability reigned in the hinterland

millet system

declared each religious community was governed by its own religious laws and courts

ismail

7 year old boy who became the leader

proclaimed sufi islam as the state religion dispite his family being sunni

babur

means the tiger

founded the mughal empire

akbar

reigned during the mughals spread down the deccan plateau

married many wives to show religious tolerance

promoted the arts

zheng he

diplomat sent out to reinstate the tribute system

Mir sayyid ali

most prominant artist in the gunpowder empires, mughal and safavid

rugs

artform most associated with the safavids

ceramic tiles

art form associated with the ottomans

all line up perfectly shows great skill

miniatures

small paintings from the safavid empire

caligraphy

writing words and reassembling them to look like other things

while all empires did it most associated with the ottoman empire

qualities of a renaissance

society starting over, returning to the past and building on from that

improvements in art, literature, science, and ther intellectual disiplines

increased interest in ancient values, skills, techniques, philosophies, and attis of the past

greater access to education

humanism

appreciation of human life and puts humans experiences as the most important thing

characteristics of humanism

secularism

individualism

persuit of knowledge

patronage of the arts

development of politics

dante alighieri

dantes inferno

while he didnt write about secular things he worte in italian, and wanted more educated people, and put himself as the hero which is all characteristics of humanism

geoffrey chaucer

writes his books in english

more racy stories

people beginning to read for fun

canterberry tales

francesco petrarca

father of humanism

wanted people to learn about what it means to be a free thinking individual

wrote series of poems to a woman called laura who he couldn’t be with

baldassare castiglione

wrote book of the courtier

taught people how to have good manners

desiderius erasmus

writes satire

criticizes the pope and other authority figures

idea of common people standing up to authority

machiavelli

said he was not a humanist even though his early ideas were

wrote the prince about how rulers should do whatever it takes to keep their state good

believes following moral or ethical codes arent beneficial to the ruler or the state

giotto

greastest figure in the transitional period of art

observed life in a three dimensional world

humanized painting

masaccio

completed revolution in paiting started by giotto

mastered problems of perspective, human body, and lighting

first to paint nude figures

andrea mantegna

inspired by massacio

studied perspective

piero della francesca

scientific and intellectial approach to painting

wrote a book on the math of perspective

sandro botticelli

abandoned techniques of straigtforward representation of things

mixed pagan mythology and christian faith

loreno ghiberti

imitated very close to nature

ressurected form and spirit of roman architecture

donatello

went to Rome to study the remains of the architecture

separated sculpture from architechture

andrea del veroocchio

sculpted and painted

taught da vinci

filippo brunelleschi

leanred principles of classical architecture from rome

finshed the first dome since roman times

took inspriation of roman architecture but put a fresh and new spin on it

donato bramente

greatest architect during the high renaissance

asked to replace the old basillica od st peter but died before he could finish

leonardo da vinci

brilliant in many fields

good technique and understanding of human nature

raphael

absorbed the styles of leonardo and michelangelo

blended christian and classical subject matter

michelangelo

mixed physical splendor of Pagan mythology with the spirit of christianity

painted and sculpted

first to depict god, and after him it became cool

made many plitical statements in his art like unifying three dufferent religions in the Sistine chapel

giorgione

rejected scientific approach to painting inorder to be more dreamy and poetic

giorgionesque—>dreamy mood of languor and relaxation

titian

more mature paintings than giorgione

painted pagan mythology, christian subjects, and royal portraits

parmigianino

mannerist painter

no logic of structure

tinoretto

replaced the harmny and idealized reality with dramati force and movement

violent contrast, unbalanced composition, and crowded figures

benvenuto cellini

work reflects violent ages rejection of artistic and moral standard

sophonisba anguissola

mostly did portraits for families so most of her work is lost/ not put in museums

used all the same techniques as the masters did

artemisia genteleschi

painted heroine judith

puts her more in center and paints her more heroically

maybe saw herself in judith