Revolutions in Latin America and 19th Century Europe

Atlantic Revolutions

Series of revolutions in the Americas and Europe.

Congress of Vienna

1814-1815 meeting to redraw Europe's map.

Conservatives

Prefer absolutism and traditional monarchy.

Concert of Europe

Alliance to maintain balance of power.

Liberals

Advocate for constitutional government and rights.

Peninsular

Spanish-born individuals in colonial administration.

Creoles

European descent, born in the Americas.

Mestizos

Mixed European and Native American ancestry.

Mulattoes

Mixed European and African ancestry.

African Slaves

Enslaved individuals seeking freedom in colonies.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave rebellion from 1791 to 1804.

Toussaint-L'Ouverture

Leader of Haitian Revolution and governor.

Napoleon's Reinstatement of Slavery

Reinstated slavery in Haiti in 1799.

Simon Bolivar

Liberated several South American countries.

Iturbide

Led Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821.

Radicals

Seek immediate, often violent, societal change.

Moderates

Favor balanced change, accepting some reforms.

Nationalism

Desire for distinct cultural groups to form nations.

7 Weeks War

Conflict leading to Prussia's dominance in Germany.

Italian Unification

Process of unifying Italy under one state.

Franco-Prussian War

War instigated by Bismarck for German unification.

Realpolitik

Pragmatic politics prioritizing practical outcomes.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Dual monarchy formed after Austria's defeat.

Zionism

Movement for the establishment of a Jewish state.

Ottoman Empire

Multicultural empire facing ethnic tensions and splits.

State Building

Distinct groups forming a unified state.

Russification

Policy to impose Russian culture on minorities.

Romanticism

Art movement emphasizing emotion and individualism.

Beethoven

Composer known for emotional and dramatic music.

Delacroix

Artist embodying passion in Romanticism.

Grimm's Fairytales

Influential stories reflecting cultural heritage.

Cultural Pride

Strengthening of identity among ethnic groups.

Economic Freedom

Desire for economic independence from colonial powers.

Class Conflict

Struggle between social classes for power.

Environmental Compromise

Degradation of land due to agricultural practices.

Bismarck

Prussian leader known for unification strategies.

Cavour

Prime minister who unified Northern Italy.

Garibaldi

Leader who unified Southern Italy.

Hidalgo

Priest who initiated Mexico's independence movement.

Emotional Music

Music that evokes strong feelings and responses.