Studied by 0 people
Review of the first question in the AICE IH book.
What was the Scramble for Africa?
European powers took control of areas not formally controlled before. This rapid colonization occurred from the 1880s to the early 1900s, driven by economic interests, national prestige, and competition among European nations.
What is Imperialism?
A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means, often exploiting resources and peoples of other nations.
What are some economic motives for imperialism?
European powers sought new markets, raw materials, and investment opportunities to fuel industrial growth. Businessmen and investors thought that it would be profitable to invest in the new trading companies that were being formed to trade in Africa and China.
What are tariffs?
Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, designed to protect domestic industries by making foreign products more expensive. They can also generate revenue for governments and influence trade balances.
What was a result of more and more countries introducing tariffs?
More and more countries introduced them, and because of this, the possession of colonies was seen as the only way to guarantee access to vital raw materials needed by modern industrial companies.
What is an example of tariffs influencing the creation of colonies?
Businessmen in Marseilles, Liverpool, and Hamburg were constantly pushing their governments into annexing areas where they had important trading interests.
What is a political motive for imperialism?
A political motive for imperialism includes the desire for national prestige and power, as countries sought to expand their influence and assert dominance over rival nations through colonization and control of territories.
What is New Imperialism?
New Imperialism refers to the late 19th and early 20th century wave of colonial expansion by European powers, characterized by the rapid acquisition of territories in Africa and Asia, driven by economic, political, and social motivations. This helps support the political side/motive for imperialism.
What is an example of a political motive for Imperialism?
Britain’s occupation of Egypt in 1882, carried out to safeguard the Suez Canal as the main route to India, and the draft Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1884 concerning the Congo, both which led up to the partition of Africa.
What happened mid 19th century?
Interest in colonies had declined in Europe. Because of the era of free trade it seemed that political control of overseas markets was unnecessary. However, within just 20 years the political climate had dramatically changed, and the European governments and their large populations were fiercely competing for colonies in Africa, and by 1900 wanted to carve up China.
What happened to European empires after the political climate around imperialism grew around mid 19th century?
The British Empire and French Empire had greatly increased in size. This would be between 1870 and 1900. This dramatic expansion of land and territory is also know as New Imperialism.
How was New Imperialism made possible?
European powers had the technological lead over Africa, China, and much of the rest of Asia.
What were the technological developments Europe had over Asia and Africa in the late 1800s?
The maxim gun (machine gun), and quinine (anti-malaria drug).
In 1870, what was the status of European control, as compared to 1900?
1870: 10% in total.
1900: Only Ethiopia and Liberia were not colonized.
What development helped merchants sell to Africa and how?
The steamboat; It had enabled merchants to sell goods and textiles in exchange for groundnuts and other tropical products.
What kind of societies and communities were eager with communicating with Africa, and what view did they have on the slave trade?
Missionaries and churches; They had believed that they should remove the slave trade, and were hastily doing so with determination despite it still existing after the prohibition in 1807.
What kind of societies were gaining interest with the explorers that had went into Africa and their dramatic journeys?
The press and the newly founded geographical societies (people interested in the facts having to do with new geography such as the land in Africa).
What was the governments’ reactions to the discoveries of the explorers?
They welcomed them; They hoped that they would help open up Africa to their countries’ exports.
Who was David Livingstone, and he was the first to do what?
A Scottish missionary and explorer in Africa; He had been the first to cross the African con
