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Age of Exploration
era of global exploration from the 15th to the 19th century
Gold, Glory, and God
European motives for exploration
Protestant Reformation
religious movement increasing desire to spread Christianity
Jesuits
Catholic group focused on education and missionary work
Mercantilism
economic theory measuring wealth by gold and accumulation
Balance of Trade
exporting more than you import for economic growth
Colonies
lands controlled by parent colonies for resources
Caravel
Fast and strong ship design with increased cargo space; able to sail in open ocean and shallow water
Lateen Sails
triangular sails allowing flexible navigation
Sternpost Rudder
steering device improving ship maneuverability
Astrolabe
instrument for determining latitude at sea
Quadrant
smaller version of the astrolabe for navigation
Compass
device indicating cardinal directions for navigation
Gunpowder Weapons
military technology aiding European conquests
Smallpox
disease that devastated indigenous populations in Americas
Marco Polo
Venetian merchant who detailed Asian travels
Ottoman Empire
controlled trade routes between Europe and Asia
Crusades
religious wars increasing European knowledge of Asia
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
French finance minister promoting strong international trade
Portolani
early maps providing navigation details for captains
Military Technology
advancements aiding European colonial expansion
Canon
artillery used in naval battles
Navigation
science of plotting a ship’s course
Cartography
the making and study of maps
