UNIT 3 TEST REVIEW

Primary producers

Organisms like phytoplankton and macrophytes producing energy.

Maximum sustainable yield

Largest catch without compromising future fish populations.

Ghost fishing

Lost fishing gear continues to catch marine life.

Marine protected areas

Regions designated to conserve marine biodiversity.

Aquaculture

Farming aquatic organisms in controlled environments.

Water Availability

The accessibility of freshwater resources for use.

Water Scarcity

Insufficient freshwater supply to meet demand.

Dams and Reservoirs

Structures built to store and regulate water supply.

Rainwater Harvesting

Collecting and storing rainwater for future use.

Desalination

Process of removing salt from seawater to produce fresh water.

Water Conservation at Home

Practices to reduce water usage in households.

Water Conservation in Agriculture

Techniques to use less water for farming purposes.

Damming the Nile River

Case study on the impact of river damming on ecosystems.

Fresh Water

Only 3% of Earth's total water supply.

Saline Water

Comprises 97% of Earth's water, primarily oceans.

Water Cycle

Continuous movement of water through various states.

Evaporation

Process of water turning into vapor from surfaces.

Transpiration

Release of water vapor from plants into air.

Evapotranspiration

Combined loss of water from evaporation and transpiration.

Infiltration

Process of water entering the soil from surface.

Percolation

Movement of water through soil layers to groundwater.

Advection

Horizontal movement of water vapor in the atmosphere.

Stream Flow

Movement of water in rivers and streams.

Condensation

Transformation of vapor into liquid water droplets.

Freezing

Process where water changes from liquid to solid.

Melting

Transition of ice from solid to liquid water.

Sublimation

Direct transition from solid ice to vapor.

Flooding

Overflow of water onto normally dry land.

Surface Run-off

Water flow over land surface to water bodies.

primary succession

The process of ecological change that occurs in an area where no soil exists, leading to the establishment of a biological community.

pioneer species

The first species to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, initiating a chain of ecological succession.

r-selected

Species that produce many offspring but invest little in each, often thriving in unstable environments.

K-selected species

Species that produce fewer offspring but invest more resources in their upbringing, typically found in stable environments.

climax community

A stable and mature ecological community that has reached a steady state through the process of succession.

seral community

An intermediate stage in ecological succession that occurs between the pioneer community and the climax community.

secondary succession

The process of ecological change that occurs in an area where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact.

disturbance

An event that disrupts the structure of an ecosystem, affecting its species composition and community structure.

zonation

The spatial arrangement of different communities or ecosystems in a particular area, often influenced by environmental gradients.

altitude from sea level

The height of a location above sea level, which can affect climate and biodiversity.

latitude from equator

The distance north or south of the equator, which influences climate, ecosystems, and species distribution.

Abiotic Factors

Non-living components affecting ecosystems and organisms.

Biomes

Major ecological communities like forests and deserts.

Climate Graph

Visual representation of temperature and precipitation data.

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator.

Altitude

Height above sea level influencing climate and vegetation.

Productivity

Rate of generation of biomass in ecosystems.

Hadley Cell

Atmospheric circulation cell near the equator.

Ferrel Cell

Mid-latitude atmospheric circulation cell.

Polar Cell

Atmospheric circulation cell at polar regions.

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Equatorial region of converging trade winds.

Ocean Currents

Movement of ocean water affecting climate patterns.