Therapeutic Exercise Final Review Vocabulary

Flashcards for vocabulary review based on lecture notes.

Impairments in body function

Problems associated with the physiology of the body systems.

Impairments in body structure

Anatomical problems of the body.

Activity limitations

Difficulties an individual may have in executing actions, tasks, and activities.

Participation restrictions

Problems an individual may experience with involvement in situations in self-care.

Contextual factors

Environmental (physical, social, and attitudinal) and personal factors (age, gender, race, lifestyle habits, etc.).

Body mechanics

Using proper techniques and joint protection to minimize the risk of injury.

Intrinsic Feedback

Feedback based on the source of feedback.

Extrinsic Feedback

The focus of feedback or knowledge results.

Muscle Fatigue

The diminished response of muscle to a repeated stimulus.

Cardiopulmonary Fatigue

Systemic diminished response of an individual to a prolonged physical activity.

Threshold for Fatigue

The level of exercise that cannot be sustained indefinitely.

Arthrokinematic Movement

Movement of joint surfaces during joint motion.

Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE)

Gradually increasing the resistance over time.

Oxford Exercise

Three sets of resistance training with regressive loading during each set, using a percentage of a 10-RM.

DeLorme Exercise

Three sets of resistance training with progressive loading during each set, using a percentage of a 10-RM.

Reversibility

Adaptive changes in the body's system in response to a resistance exercise program are transient unless training-induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities or unless an individual participates in a maintenance program of resistance exercises.

SAID Principle

To improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistant program should match the constructs of an element.

Overload Principle

If muscle performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied.

DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)

Muscle soreness that occurs 12-24 hours after exercise, thought to be caused by muscle fiber damage.

Tight Weakness

Muscles kept in a habitually shortened position test strong in that position but weak when lengthened.

Postural Fault

Caused by bad posture and can be corrected by readjustment.

Postural Dysfunction

Misalignment caused by bad posture for extended periods, causing lasting changes and cannot be adjusted by readjustment.

CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome)

A painful, disabling, and chronic condition.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to increased risk of fractures.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease primarily of unknown etiology affecting the synovial lining of diarthrodial joints and other connective tissues

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Chronic degenerative disorder primarily affecting the articular cartilage of synovial joints, with eventual bony remodeling and overgrowth.

Fibromyalgia (FM)

Chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, affecting 11 of 18 tender points at specific sites throughout the body.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS)

Chronic regional pain syndrome comprised of myofascial trigger points in muscle.

DVT

Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Arthroplasty

Reconstructive joint procedure to relieve pain and improve function.

Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of joint surfaces.

Arthroscopy

Diagnostic tool and a means of treating a variety of intra-articular disorders. Involves several small incisions in the skin, muscle, and joint capsule for insertion of an endoscope and miniature surgical tools

Tendinitis

Inflammation of tendons (can be acute).

Tendonosis

Inflammation of the tendon (usually chronic).

Drawing-In

Increases intra-abdominal pressure and activation of transverse abdominis and internal obliques.

Bracing

Setting the abdominals and actively flaring out laterally around the waist.

Multifidus

Activation and spinal stability.

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature in the spine, typically involving the thoracic and lumbar regions.

Motor Learning

A Complex set of internal processes that involves the acquisition and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement of task through practice.

CPM (Continuous Passive Motion)

Passive motion performed by a mechanical device that moves a joint slowly and continuously through a controlled ROM.

Pes Planus

Pronated foot , and flat foot (pronated posture) of the hindfoot and decreased medial longitudinal arch. On weight bearing, the calcaneus is everted or valgus posture.

Pes Cavus

Supinated foot, and high-arched foot (varus) posture of the calcaneus with increased medial longitudinal arch.

PROM

Indicated in region where acute, inflamed tissue exists when patient unable to actively move a segment.

AROM/AAROM

Used when a patient can contract muscles actively.

Avulsion Fracture

A pulling away of a fragment of bone by a ligament or tendon and its attachment.

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture in which bone has splintered into several fragments.

Eccentric Exercise

Involves dynamic muscle activation and tension production that is below the level of external resistance so that physical lengthening of the muscle occurs as it controls the load, as when lowering a weight.

Concentric Exercise

A form of dynamic muscle activation in which tension develops and physical shortening of the muscle occurs as an external resistance is overcome by internal force, as when lifting a weight.

Creep

When a gradually increasing external load is applied to a viscoelastic tissue and then sustained, the tissue will elongate during the maintained stretch.

Stress

Force (or load) per unit area; the internal reaction or resistance to an externally applied load.

Strain

The amount of deformation or lengthening that occurs when an external load (such as a stretch force) is applied to a structure.

Sprain

Severe stress, stretch, or tear, usually refers to a ligament or joint capsule.

Strain

Overstretching/ disruption of musculotendinous unit; overuse of soft tissue (usually muscle or tendon).

Contusion

Bruising from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response.

Shoulder Impingement

Compression of structures in the subacromial space.

Shoulder Decompression

Surgical procedure to increase space in the subacromial area.

Rotator Cuff (SITS) Muscles

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

Supraspinatus

Abduction, particularly during the initial 0-15 degrees of movement.

Infraspinatus

External rotation, adduction, and stabilization.

Teres Minor

External rotation, adduction, extension, stabilizer.

Subscapularis

Internal rotation, adduction, stabilization.