Exam 2

Abdominal Quadrants

RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ; divisions of the abdomen bordered by costal margins, symphysis pubis, inguinal canals, and flanks.

Abdominal Wall Muscles

External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, and linea alba; muscles supporting the abdomen.

Solid Viscera

Liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys; organs with a solid structure in the abdomen.

Hollow Viscera

Stomach, gallbladder, SI/LI (colon), urinary bladder; organs with hollow cavities in the abdomen.

COLDSPA

Characteristics, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern, associated factors; method for assessing pain and symptoms in clients.

Gastric Cancer Risk

Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander have higher risks; disparities in gastric cancer rates among ethnic groups.

Elderly Complications

Changes in pain sensitivity, appetite, UTI risks, capillary visibility; considerations for elderly abdominal health.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

USPSTF recommendations for screening; guidelines for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening.

Visceral Pain vs

Different types of abdominal pain; understanding visceral and parietal pain sensations.

Abdominal Girth Measurement

Procedure for measuring abdominal girth; importance of consistent measurement techniques.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Open sores in the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine; factors contributing to peptic ulcer disease.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Condition where stomach acids flow back into the esophagus; client education and management strategies for GERD.

Testicular Self-Examination

Monthly self-examination for testicular health; preventive measure for prostate cancer.

Menarche and Menopause

Timing of menarche and menopause in different regions; variations in the onset of menarche and menopause.

Female Genitalia Changes in Elderly

Vaginal atrophy, urinary incontinence, pubic hair changes; considerations for elderly female genital health.

Neurologic System Divisions

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum; components and functions of the neurologic system.

Spinal Cord Anatomy

Anterior horn, posterior horn, synapse junction; components and functions of the spinal cord.

Dermatomes

Areas of skin connected to specific spinal nerves; significance of dermatomes in neurologic assessment.

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic and autonomic divisions; functions and components of the autonomic nervous system.

Stroke Belt and Buckle

Regions with high stroke mortality rates; geographical areas with increased stroke mortality rates.

LOC Assessment

Includes evaluating awareness, orientation, and memory of the patient.

Pupillary Checks

Involves examining the size, equality, and reactivity of the pupils.

Cranial Nerve Assessment

Evaluates various cranial nerves including functions like smell, vision, facial movements, and swallowing.

Romberg Test

Assesses balance by having the patient stand with eyes closed to detect inner ear or CNS issues.

Sensory Tests

Include position sensitivity, point localization, graphesthesia, and two-point discrimination to assess sensory function.

Reflex Scale

Ranges from 0 (absent) to 4+ (hyperactive with clonus) to evaluate reflex responses.

Clonus

Abnormal reflex response characterized by rhythmic muscle contractions, often seen in seizure disorders.

Stroke Types

Hemorrhagic (bleeding) and Ischemic (clot) strokes cause brain cell damage due to interrupted blood flow.

Musculoskeletal Assessment

Involves evaluating joint mobility, muscle strength, posture, gait, and bone structure.

Muscle Strength Rating

Ranges from 0 (no contraction) to 5 (normal) to assess muscle strength against resistance.