Chapter 8: Conservation of Energy

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from Chapter 8 on the Conservation of Energy, focusing on both conservative and nonconservative forces, potential and mechanical energy, and related problem-solving techniques.

conservative force

The work done by the force on an object depends only on the initial and final positions, not on the path taken.

equation for gravitational potential energy

U = mgy where m = mass, g = acceleration due to gravity on earth and y = height above the reference point.

Potential energy as an object falls

Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the object drops.

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy

If only conservative forces do work, the total mechanical energy of a system remains constant.

Energy be conserved when nonconservative forces are present

The work done by nonconservative forces must be accounted for in the energy conservation equation: ΔK + ΔU + W_NC = 0.

Escape velocity

is the speed needed for an object to break free from the gravitational attraction of a celestial body, without further propulsion.

Power in the context of work

is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transformed.

potential energy diagram indicate stability

Stable equilibrium occurs at points where potential energy is minimized, while unstable equilibrium occurs at points where potential energy is maximized.

gravitational assist

is when a spacecraft's speed is increasing by passing near a planet or moon, reducing the energy required for the journey.

equation for elastic potential energy of a spring

is given by U = (1/2)kx², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from its equilibrium position.