1B Polymers Target

Monomer

Small building block molecule

Polymer

Large molecule made of many monomers

Carbohydrate monomer

Monosaccharide such as glucose

Carbohydrate polymer

Polysaccharide such as starch or glycogen

Carbohydrate elements

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Carbohydrate function

Quick energy and structure

Lipids monomer

None

Lipids polymer

None

Lipids elements

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen sometimes Phosphorus

Lipids function

Long term energy membranes insulation

Protein monomer

Amino acid

Protein polymer

Polypeptide

Protein elements

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen sometimes Sulfur

Protein function

Enzymes structure transport signaling

Nucleic acid monomer

Nucleotide

Nucleic acid polymer

DNA and RNA

Nucleic acid elements

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus

Nucleic acid function

Store and transmit genetic information

Dehydration synthesis

Builds polymers by removing water

Hydrolysis

Breaks polymers by adding water

R group

Variable side chain of an amino acid

R group importance

Determines protein folding and function

Primary protein structure

Amino acid sequence

Secondary protein structure

Alpha helices and beta sheets

Tertiary protein structure

Overall 3D shape of protein

Quaternary protein structure

Multiple polypeptide chains

DNA directionality

Five prime to three prime

Protein directionality

N terminus to C terminus