Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: medial wall of orbit

Insertion: eyelids

Action: winking

Zygomaticus Major

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: corners of mouth

Action: smile

Orbicularis Oris

Origin and Insertion: angles of mouth/ maxilla mandible

Action: close mouth/kiss

Extrinsic eye muscles

Origin: common tendinous ring around optic foramen

Insertion: sclera of eyeball

Action: move eye in all directions

Temporalis

Origin: above squamosal suture on parietal bone

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Action: chewing, elevates and retracts mandible

Masseter

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: angle of mandible

Action: chewing, elevates and protracts mandible

Styloglossus

Origin: styloid process

Insertion: sides of tongue

Action: elevates and retracts tongue

Hyoglossus

Origin: hyoid bone

Insertion: inferior tongue

Action: depresses and retracts tongue

Pharyngeal Constrictors

Origin: mandible, hyoid bone

Insertion: median raphe

Action: swallowing

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: medial clavicle and sternum

Insertion: mastoid process

Action: flexes head and neck

Internal and external intercostals

Origin and insertion: ribs

Action: inhaling (external) and exhalation (internal)

Diaphragm

Origin: ribs 7-12, xiphoid process

Insertion: central tendon

Action: inhaling

External oblique

Origin: ribs

Insertion: linea alba

Action: flexes vertebral column

Rectus Abdominis

Origin: pubic tubericle

Insertion: xiphoid process

Action: flexes vertebral column

Pectoralis minor

Origin: ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Action: depresses scapula

Rhomboid muscle

Origin: c7-t5 vertebrae

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Action: elevate scapula

Trapezius

Origin: c7-t12, occipital bone

Insertion: acromion and spine of scapula

Action: elevate, depress scapula

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: t7-l5, ribs 8-12

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: arm extension, crawl stroke

Pectoralis major

Origin: medial clavicle, costal cartilages

Insertion: greater tubercle and intertubercular groove

Action: flexes arm, adducts arm

Deltoid

Origin: acromiom and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Action: adducts, flexes arm

Biceps

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Action: flexes elbow, supinates forearm

Triceps

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: olecranon

Action: elbow extension

Anterior forearm compartment

Origin: medial epicondyle

Insertion: metacarpals, phalanges

Action: flex wrists, fingers, pronates forearm

Posterior forearm compartment

Origin: lateral epicondyle

Insertion: metacarpals, phalanges

Action: flex wrists, fingers, supinates forearm

Iliopsas

Origin: lumbar vertebrae, iliac fossa

Insertion: lesser trochanter femur

Action: flex thigh

Gluteus

Origin: iliac crest

Insertion: greater trochanter femur

Action: extend and abduct thigh

Hamstrings

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Action: extends thigh and flexes leg

Quadriceps

Origin: Ilium and femur

Insertion: patellar ligament

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Tibialis anterior

Origin: lateral condyle

Insertion: metatarsal and tarsal bones

Action: dorsiflex

Gastrocnemius

Origin: medial and lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Action: plantar flex