I - PHARMA I

PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS

functional areas of pharmacology

PHARMACOKINETICS

action of the body on the drugs

PHARMACOKINETICS

governs the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, ELIMINATION

pharmacokinetics governs the _______ of drugs

ENTERAL, PARENTERAL

primary routes of drug absorption

ENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

absorption through the alimentary canal

ENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

oral (absorption)

ENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

sublingual (absorption)

ENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

rectal (absorption)

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

absorption not through the alimentary canal

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

inhalation (absorption)

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

injection (absorption)

INTRAVENOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR, INTRA-ARTERIAL, SUBCUTANEOUS

injection types

INTRAVENOUS

injection that is fast in absorption

DELTOID, VASTUS LATERALIS, GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

muscles most used in IM injections

INTRA-ARTERIAL

injection for diagnostic procedure

SUBCUTANEOUS

injection used for local response

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

topical (absorption)

OINTMENT

example of topical drugs

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION

transdermal (absorption)

PATCH

example of transdermal drugs

DISTRIBUTION

process wherein drug molecules will bind to a specific protein

ALBUMIN

most abundant serum protein

LIVER

where albumin is synthesized

BIOAVAILABILITY

percentage of drug molecules that reaches the bloodstream

METABOLISM

process of breaking down of the drug molecules

LIVER

where first pass mechanism happens

FIRST PASS

drug molecules should pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation

ENZYME

decreases the effect of the drugs during drug metabolism

ENZYME

turns inactive drugs to active

KIDNEY

main site for drug elimination

URINATION

MC way to eliminate drugs

HALF LIFE

amount of time required for the remaining 50% of drug molecules to be eliminated

PHARMACODYNAMICS

action of the drugs on the body

AGONIST, ANTAGONIST

drug receptors

AGONIST DRUG

drug activates / stimulates a specific receptor

ANTAGONIST DRUG

drug blocks / deactivates a specific receptor

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR, HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER, ANTACID

medication for GERD

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

inhibits the H+, K+, ATPase enzyme

PROTON PUMP

responsible for the production of gastric acid

H+, K+, ATPASE

proton pump

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

blocks the formation of gastric acid

-ZOLE

end names of PPIs

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

omeprazole (drug)

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

lansoprazole (drug)

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

pantoprazole (drug)

HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER

inhibits the H2 receptor

H2 RECEPTOR

stimulates a specific receptor from the parietal cells to increase the release of gastric acid

HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER

decreases the release of the gastric acid

-TIDINE

end names of H2 receptor blocker

HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER

ranitidine (drug)

HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER

famotidine (drug)

HISTAMINE 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKER

cimetidine (drug)

ANTACID

neutralizes the gastric acid

ANTACID

binds with HCL and broken down into salt and H2O

ANTACID

maalox (drug)

ANTACID

mylanta (drug)

ANTACID

tums (drug)

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG

inhibits the cyclooxygenase (COX)

CYCLOOXYGENASE

responsible for the formation of the prostaglandin

PROSTAGLANDIN

responsible for pain and inflammation in the body

COX 1, COX 2

types of COX

COX 1

COX in the protective lining of the stomach

COX 2

COX responsible for pain and inflammation

NSAID, CORTICOSTEROID

anti-inflammatory drugs

NON-SELECTIVE, SELECTIVE

NSAIDs types

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

NSAIDs that inhibits both COX 1 and COX 2

SELECTIVE NSAID

NSAIDs that inhibits only COX 2

ASPIRIN, KETOPROFEN, IBUPROFEN, NAPROXEN, MEFENAMIC ACID

non-selective NSAIDs

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

aspirin (drug)

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

ketoprofen (drug)

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

ibuprofen (drug)

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

naproxen (drug)

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

mefenamic acid (drug)

NON-SELECTIVE NSAID

SE: gastric upset, gastric ulceration, gastric bleeding

SELECTIVE NSAID

celecoxib (drug)

SELECTIVE NSAID

rofecoxib (drug)

SELECTIVE NSAID

etodolac (drug)

SELECTIVE NSAID

SE: cardiac arrest, stroke

COX 2 NSAID

selective NSAID or

PROSTACYCLIN

found in COX 2

PROSTACYCLIN

for vasodilation

PROSTACYCLIN

inhibits the platelet aggregation in the coronary & carotid artery

THROMBOXANE

found in COX 1

THROMBOXANE

increases the activity of the platelets

THROMBOXANE

promotes clot formation

GLUCOCORTICOSTEROID

corticosteroids or

CORTICOSTEROID

stimulates the leukocytes & macrophages

PREDNISONE, PREDNISOLONE, CORTISONE

corticosteroids

CORTICOSTEROID

prednisone (drug)

CORTICOSTEROID

prednisolone (drug)

CORTICOSTEROID

cortisone (drug)

-SONE

end name of corticosteroids

CORTICOSTEROID

SE: brittle bones, osteoporosis, fracture

CORTICOSTEROID

decreases the breaking down of vitamin D

DMARD

drugs for RA

DMARD

inhibit the monocytes B & T cells

DMARD

decrease the immune response

DMARD

methotrexate (drug)

DMARD

leflunomide (drug)