‼️A&P Ch. 23 Digestive System

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Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?

a. mouth

b. salivary glands

c. pancreas

d. liver

a. mouth

Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of

adventitia rather than serosa?

a. esophagus

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. large intestine

a. esophagus

Which of the following membranes covers the

stomach?

a. falciform ligament

b. mesocolon

c. parietal peritoneum

d. visceral peritoneum

d. visceral peritoneum

Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?

a. ingestion

b. mechanical digestion

c. chemical digestion

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the

alimentary canal?

a. ingestion

b. propulsion

c. segmentation

d. absorption

b. propulsion

Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the

walls of digestive organs?

a. breakdown products of digestion

b. distension

c. pH of chyme

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of these statements about reflexes in the GI tract is false?

a. Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.

b. Short reflexes are mediated by the enteric nervous system.

c. Food that distends the stomach initiates long reflexes.

d. Long reflexes can be provoked by stimuli originating outside the GI tract.

a. Short reflexes are provoked by nerves near the GI tract.

Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?

a. mucus

b. phosphate ions

c. chloride ions

d. urea

c. chloride ions

Which of these statements about the pharynx is true?

a. It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.

b. The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

c. The nasopharynx is involved in digestion.

d. The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage.

b. The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm?

a. esophageal hiatus

b. cardiac orifice

c. upper esophageal sphincter

d. lower esophageal sphincter

a. esophageal hiatus

Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis?

a. voluntary phase

b. buccal phase

c. pharyngeal phase

d. esophageal phase

d. esophageal phase

Which of these cells secrete hormones?

a. parietal cells

b. mucous neck cells

c. enteroendocrine cells

d. chief cells

c. enteroendocrine cells

Where does the majority of chemical digestion in the stomach occur?

a. fundus and body

b. cardia and fundus

c. body and pylorus

d. body

a. fundus and body

During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________.

a. esophageal hiatus

b. pyloric antrum

c. pyloric canal

d. pyloric sphincter

d. pyloric sphincter

Parietal cells secrete ________.

a. gastrin

b. hydrochloric acid

c. pepsin

d. pepsinogen

B

In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occur?

a. stomach

b. proximal small intestine

c. distal small intestine

d. ascending colon

b. proximal small intestine

Which of these is most associated with villi?

a. haustra

b. lacteals

c. bacterial flora

d. intestinal glands

b. lacteals

What is the role of the small intestine's MALT?

a. secreting mucus

b. buffering acidic chyme

c. activating pepsin

d. preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream

d. preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream

Which part of the large intestine attaches to the

appendix?

a. cecum

b. ascending colon

c. transverse colon

d. descending colon

a. cecum

Which of these statements about bile is true?

a. About 5 hundred mL is secreted daily.

b. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.

c. It is synthesized in the gallbladder.

d. Bile salts are recycled.

d. Bile salts are recycled.

Pancreatic juice ________.

a. deactivates bile.

b. is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.

c. buffers chyme.

d. is released into the cystic duct.

c. buffers chyme.

Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin?

a. mouth

b. esophagus

c. stomach

d. small intestine

a. mouth

Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?

a. pancreatic amylase

b. trypsin

c. sucrase

d. pancreatic nuclease

b. trypsin

Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?

a. small intestine

b. gallbladder

c. liver

d. pancreas

d. pancreas

Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the

duodenum?

a. glucose

b. iron

c. sodium

d. water

b. iron