Lab 1: Anatomical Terms, Histology, and the Integumentary System

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering anatomical terminology, tissue histology, and integumentary system anatomy based on Lab 1 lecture notes.

The brachiocephalic trunk of the cardiovascular system forks toward the arm, known as the __________, and the head, known as the cephalon.

brachium

The three main sectional planes in which anatomy is discussed are the sagittal, transverse or cross sectional, and frontal or __________ sectional plane.

coronal

In anatomical directional terms, __________ or ventral refers to the front side of the body.

Anterior

Histology is defined as the study of __________ and tissues.

cells

Epithelial cell layers are classified as __________ for a single cell layer and stratified for multiple layers.

simple

Cells that are flat in one dimension are classified as __________ cells.

squamous

The major component of connective tissue, consisting of a combination of protein fibers and ground substance, is known as __________.

matrix

Types of loose connective tissue proper include areolar, adipose, and __________ connective tissue.

reticular

Fluid connective tissue includes blood and __________.

lymph

Cartilage is described as an __________ substance because it lacks blood vessels and receives nourishment via diffusion.

avascular

Osseous tissue, or bone, is composed of calcium salts and __________ fibers.

collagen

Smooth muscle tissue is responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, pupil dilation and contraction, and contraction of the __________.

intestines

Neural tissue consists of two basic cell types: neurons and neuroglia or __________ cells.

glial

The integumentary system accounts for approximately __________ of the total weight of the body.

16%

Thin skin contains four layers of keratinocytes, whereas thick skin on the palms and soles contains __________ layers.

five

The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of __________ connective tissue.

areolar

The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of __________ connective tissue.

dense irregular

Hairless skin found on areas such as the palms and soles is referred to as __________ skin.

glabrous

The human body contains approximately __________ hairs, with 0.5 million located on the head alone.

2.5 million

Functions of the skeletal system include leverage for muscles, blood component production, protection, and storage of the majority of the body's __________.

calcium

Epithelial Tissue

Found lining the surfaces of organs and structures in the body, including skin, the lining of the mouth, and blood vessels.

Connective Tissue

Includes tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, and bone, serving to support, bind, and protect other tissues.

Muscle Tissue

Found in the heart (cardiac muscle), attached to bones (skeletal muscle), and lining hollow organs (smooth muscle).

Nervous Tissue

Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; responsible for transmitting impulses throughout the body.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue found in areas such as joints, the nose, and the ears.

Adipose Tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores fat, found beneath the skin and around internal organs.

Blood

A fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Responsible for voluntary movements, found attached to bones.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Found in walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines and blood vessels.

Image of a histological sample showing cells lining surfaces.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Epithelial Tissue)

Image of a histological sample displaying fibers supporting structures.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Connective Tissue)

Image of a histological sample illustrating striated muscle fibers.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Skeletal Muscle Tissue)

Image of a histological sample showing branched, striated muscle fibers.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Cardiac Muscle Tissue)

Image of a histological sample depicting spindly cells without striations.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Smooth Muscle Tissue)

Image of a histological sample showing nerve cells and supporting cells.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Nervous Tissue)

Image of a histological sample revealing a flexible connective structure.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Cartilage)

Image of a histological sample illustrating large fat-storing cells.

What type of tissue is shown in this image? (Answer: Adipose Tissue)