NYSCTE CST 245 Arts and Sciences

seasonal changes

moon orbits earth once per month

yearly changes

earth orbits around the moon one time per year

physical change

A change in a substance that does not change its identity

chemical change

characteristics change in state or phase

transformation of energy examples

Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car), Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle). Electricity is converted to light (light bulb) and sound and light (TV).

effects of common forces

accelerate in body is in motion if at rest

conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes

nation state

A country who's population share a common identity.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

feudalism

political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals where the lords let them rent land for a price

resource

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

cultural diffusion

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

ecology

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

six elements of geography

1. The World in Spatial Terms
2. Places and Regions
3. Physical Systems
4. Human Systems
5. Environment and Society
6. The Uses of Geography

scarcity

Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants

opportunity cost

cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been produced with a recource

checks and balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

democratic

ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry out laws.

authoritarian

A government in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power.

due process

(law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles

federalism

a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states

separation of powers

dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Declaration of Independence

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.

U.S. Constitution

A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed.

Major Civil Rights Legislation

ended segregation

consitution of the state of new york

establishes the structure of the government of the State of New York, and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of New York

rule of law

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

due process

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

female suffrage

The right for women to vote. Became a popular idea in the 1900s.

Jim Crow laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

principles of art

Balance, emphasis, movement, proportion, rhythm, unity, and variety

string instruments

violin, viola, cello, bass

percussion instruments

instruments that produce a sound when struck or shaken

woodwind instruments

flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon

brass instruments

trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba

electronic instruments

produce and amplify sound through electronic means

pitch (music)

how high or low a note is

tempo (music)

refers to the speed of a musical work

manual dexterity

(n) good at working with hands (khéo tay)

call-and response songs

an adult sings questions and children sing back the answers

ballads

Song like poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure and romance

work songs

type of folk song used during work to regulate physical activity or engage worker's attention

folk songs

a song that originates in traditional popular culture or that is written in such a style

pantomime

acting without words

locomotor

Movement, motor skills, walking, hopping, skipping

manipulative skills

A set of skills in which one handles objects with the hands, feet or other body parts.

altimeter

uses airpressure to record height eg. height of a plane

anemometer

An instrument used to measure wind speed

Angiosperms

A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. which may mature to a fruit

annuals

Plants that die after one growing season

aurora borealis

a colorful, glowing display in the sky caused when particles from the sun strike oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the ionosphere; also called the Northern Lights

bacillus

Rod shaped bacteria

Carcinogen

A cancer-causing substance

carcinoma

a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs.

chinook wind

A warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.

Commensalism

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

convection

The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas

El Niño

(oceanography) a warm ocean current that flows along the equator from the date line and south off the coast of Ecuador at Christmas time

epicenter

the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Estuary

A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean.

Gametes

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite gender in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Zygote

fertilized egg

diploid cell

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.

haploid cell

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).

Interferons

interfere with viral replication within cells

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Knot

Velocity of one nautical mile per hour

lenticular clouds

A cloud in the shape of a lens.

Nimbostratus

Dark stratus clouds that bring rain.

Permafrost

permanently frozen ground

Phylum

in classification, a group of closely related classes

Phloem

vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants

Virga

perceptiation that evaporates before it reaches earth surface.

Allegory

art that represents or symbolizes some idea or quality.

Amphora

egg shaped grecian urn

annealing

softening by heating glass or metal that has become hardened

Arebesque

Very intricate designs based on plant forms.

Atrium

open rectangular court in the front of a church

Baluster

a small curved post or pillar

Batten

strips of wood used as a base for plastering or for attaching tile

Bevel

to round off a sharp edge

Biscuit

unglazed porcelain

Bust

a sculpture depicting a head, neck, and upper chest of a figure

Casement

a window that opens on hinges along its side

Chancel

The portion of the church surrounding the altar, usually enclosing the clergy; area behind the altar or communion rail.

Decoupage

Cutting out designs to be used in a collage.

Niche

A wall recess

Obelisk

A tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on top

Parquet

floor made of wood strips inlaid in a mosaic like matter; CF. strip: long narrow piece

sarcophagus

Stone coffin

Sizing

gluelike material used to stiffen paper or to seal a wall or canvas

Tempera

a type of painting that binds the pigment with a mixture of egg and water or egg and oil

Vihara

Buddhist monastery

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

Republic

Rule by law

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Bill of rights (1971)

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists (personal Liberty)

First amendment

freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, right of assembly, right to petition

Fourth amendment

this amendment stats that there shall be no unreasonable searches and/or seizures. One must get a search warrant to look through one's property

Fifth amendment

A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.