Ethnic Minorities
Diverse groups within a population that differ from the majority in language, culture, or religion.
Tsarist Autocracy
The government system in Tsarist Russia where the TSar held absolute power.
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the ethnic and cultural dynamics of Tsarist Russia, particularly focusing on nationalism, Russification policies, and Jewish history.
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Ethnic Minorities
Diverse groups within a population that differ from the majority in language, culture, or religion.
Tsarist Autocracy
The government system in Tsarist Russia where the TSar held absolute power.
Polish Nationalism
A political movement seeking the independence and self-determination of the Polish people.
Russification
A policy aimed at promoting Russian culture and language and suppressing non-Russian cultures.
Pale of Settlement
An area in Western Russia where Jews were allowed to live.
Guerrilla Warfare
A form of irregular combat where small groups use ambushes and sabotage against larger traditional armies.
Orthodoxy
The branch of Christianity emphasizing adherence to traditional doctrines and practices.
Lutheranism
A branch of Protestant Christianity based on the teachings of Martin Luther.
Cultural Russification
The process of assimilating non-Russian peoples into Russian culture.
Political Concessions
Granting certain requests or rights to maintain control or appease dissent.
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews.
Pogroms
Violent riots aimed at the massacre or persecution of a particular ethnic group, particularly Jews in Russia.
Bessarabia
A historical region located between the Prut and Dniester Rivers, historically inhabited by Romanians and other ethnic groups.
Finnish Diet
A historical assembly in Finland that had legislative powers, allowed under Russian rule.
Cossacks
Members of a group of predominantly East Slavic people known for their military tradition.
Baltic Germans
Ethnic Germans who lived in the Baltic region of modern-day Estonia and Latvia.
Cultural Identity
The identity or feeling of belonging to a group based on culture, ethnicity, or heritage.
Cyril and Methodius
Two Byzantine brothers credited with creating the Glagolitic alphabet for the Slavic peoples.
Ukrainian Identity
The national identity associated with the Ukrainian people and their culture.
Tsar Alexander II
The Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881, known for his reforms and challenges from nationalism.
Tsar Alexander III
The Emperor of Russia from 1881 to 1894, known for his conservative policies and strong opposition to nationalism.
Serfdom
A system by which peasants were bound to the land and under the authority of the landowner.
Caucasus
A region between the Black and Caspian Seas, historically home to numerous ethnic groups.
Martial Law
Military control over normal civilian functions of government.
Nationalism
A political ideology that emphasizes pride in one's nation and culture, often leading to the desire for independence.
Aristocracy
A class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, particularly in hereditary terms.
Political Rebellion
An uprising against the government's authority, often motivated by social or economic issues.
Religious Tolerance
Acceptance and allowance of different religious beliefs and practices.
Language Prohibition
A governmental rule that restricts the use of particular languages in public arenas.
Historical Misinterpretation
Incorrect understanding or representation of historical events or contexts.
Literary Censorship
The suppression of written works that are considered objectionable by governmental authorities.
Social Revolution
Radical change in society that typically aims at a drastic transformation of social structures.
Exile
The state of being barred from one's native country, often for political or punitive reasons.