The Skeletal System

ossification

the start of turning into bone

periosteum

is the tough fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

compact bone

aka cortical bone, is the dense hard and very string bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones

spongy bone

aka cancellous bone, is porous, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone

medullary cavity

is the central cavity located in the shaft or long bones, where is is surrounded by compact bone. where red and yellow bone marrow are stored

endostuem

is teh tissue that lines the medullary cavity

hemopoietic

means pertaining to the formation of blood cells

red bone marrow

which is located within the spongy bone, is a hemopietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells

cartilage

smooth, rubbery, blue white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate or come together to form joints

meniscus

is the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular

diaphysis

is the shaft of a long bone

epiphyses

are the wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs

foramen

is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

process

a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

joints

the place of union between two or more bones

fibrous joints

consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue hold the bones tightly together.

fontanelles

aka soft spots, are normally present on the skill of a newborn

cartilaginous joints

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

pubic symphysis

allows some movement to facilitate childbirth

synovial joint

created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

synovial capsule

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

synovial membrane

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid

flows within the synovial cavity acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

ligaments

are bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

bursa

is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject ot friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone

axial skeleton

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

appendicular skeleton

makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction

skull

consists of the 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face and 6 bones in the middle ear.

cranium

which is made up of the following eight bones, os the portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

frontal bone

is teh anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

parietal bones

are two of the largest bones of the skull. together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

occiptal bone

forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium

temporal bone

forms the sides of the base of the cranium

external auditory meatus

is the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

sphenoid bone

is an irregular, wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

ethmoid bone

is light spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose.

auditory ossicles

are the 3 tiny bones located in each middle ear

nasal bone

form the upper most part of the bridge of the nose

zygomatic bone

aka cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead

maxillary bones

form most of the upper jaw