Argument Forms

These flashcards cover key concepts related to argument forms, logical expressions, and their truth-functional properties.

What is the conclusion derived from the premises: "Lady Gaga will win the next presidential election or Kylie Jenner will win the next presidential election" and "Kylie Jenner won’t win the next presidential election"?

Therefore, Lady Gaga will win the next presidential election.

What do the premises "My cup contains tea or my cup contains coffee" and "My cup doesn’t contain coffee" lead to as a conclusion?

Therefore, my cup contains tea.

What represents a valid argument form?

(P1) Sentence 1 or sentence 2. (P2) Not sentence 2. (C) Therefore, sentence 1.

In classical logic, what are the two assumptions about sentences?

1. Every sentence is either true or false. 2. No sentence is both true and false.

What logical expression connects the sentences "Emma is well-prepared" and "Emma passes the exam" in an 'if…then' format?

If Emma is well-prepared, then Emma passes the exam.

What is the result of a conditional statement if the antecedent is true and the consequent is false?

The promise is broken.

What is a key feature of truth-functional logical expressions?

Knowing the truth value of connected sentences and the meaning of the logical expression allows us to determine the truth value of the entire sentence.

What is the conclusion from the argument: "If Hannah is a dog, then Hannah is a mammal" and "Hannah is a dog"?

Therefore, Hannah is a mammal.

What invalid argument form arises from these premises: "Joaquin Phoenix is president or Joe Biden is president" and "Joe Biden is president"?

Therefore, Joaquin Phoenix is president (which is invalid).

What does "not" represent in logical expressions?

It is used to indicate negation, as in "It's not the case that P."