The origins of the Cold War

The _______ promises mutual defense for all member nations

NATO Treaty

The Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, and other Eastern European countries formed the _______ in retaliation to NATO.

Warsaw Pact

The West didn’t launch a military operation to end the _______ because the distance from West Germany to Berlin made military operation difficult.

Berlin Blockade

The _______ was established because of fears that _______ would spread to other countries.

Truman Doctrine, communism

The fear that the fall of a nation to communism could also lead its neighbors into communism was known as the _______.

domino theory

NATO stands for _______.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The Cold War was the 46 year rivalry between the_______ and the _______.

US and the USSR.

The goal of the US policy of _______ was to keep_______ contained within it’s existing borders.

containment, communism

The _______ was created to help Europe recover economically after WWII & combat the threat of the _______ invading weaker countries &spreading communism.

Marshall Plan, Soviet Union

_______ was founded in 1942 by Western European & North American countries as an alliance against communist threat.

NATO

In response to NATO, the _______ & its satellite states formed a rival military alliance of all communist states of Eastern Europe called the Warsaw Pact.

Soviet Union

The _______ was formed for members to pledge to defend one another & not interfere in another’s internal affairs.

Warsaw Pact

In an effort to force _______ to fall to communist control, Stalin stopped all highway, railway, & waterway traffic from Western Germany to West Berlin, restricting ability to receive _______.

West Berlin, aid

The Berlin Blockade was meant to force West Berlin to fall in line with Stalin’s communist government and to test how far the US would go to pursue the _______.

policy of containment

The political ideology & type of government where the state owns major resources in society such as property, means of production, education, agriculture & transportation is known as _______.

communism.

List at least 3 Eastern European member nations of the Warsaw Pact.

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

List at least 5 NATO members.

United States, United Kingdom, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, West Germany

At the end of WWII, US & USSR relations were tense over _______ disagreement among the allies, the US dropping the atomic bomb, & _______ expanding its borders within Eastern Europe.

reparation, Soviet Union

The tension after WWII, differing ideologies of _______ & _______, & the technological & nuclear competition between the US & USSR caused the Cold War.

capitalism & communism,

A competitive _______ system where private individuals or businesses control production, own property, & accumulate capital with little _______ control is known as _______.

economic, government, capitalism

The US & Great Britain dropped necessary resources from helicopters to the people of _______ during the Berlin Blockade, this was known as the _______.

West Berlin, Berlin Airlift.

Truman warned that if the US retreats into _______, the peace of the world & welfare of the nation would be in danger, supporting the _______.

isolationism, Truman Doctrine.

Churchill believed only solution to achieving _______ of communism was for the US & other democratic countries to stand firm.

containment

Citizens of Soviet-dominated countries in Eastern Europe interpret Khrushchev's talk of _______ as opportunity to gain political autonomy.

“peaceful co-existence”

Senator Dulles’s approach to war can best be described as _______.

brinkmanship

The _______ was inspired by the Suez Canal Crisis when Britain & France tried to gain control of the canal with the help of the Soviet Union, angering Eisenhower.

Eisenhower Doctrine

The _______ administration transformed the American landscape by strengthening national defense.

Eisenhower

At the end of WWII, Korea was liberated from Japanese control and divided into 2 countries at the _______ of longitude north of the equator.

38th parallel

The successful launch of an amphibious counter-offensive that drove the North Koreans back to the 38th parallel was led by _______.

General Douglas MacArthur.

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State, Dulles, proposed the policy that the US responds to communist threat with the use of nuclear weapons is known as_______.

massive retaliation.

The _______ promised aid to any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

Eisenhower Doctrine

After WWII, Korea was divided into 2 countries, _______ supported by the Soviet Union & _______ supported by the US.

North Korea, South Korea

The CIA, formed in 1947 was intended to be an _______ agency.

intelligence-gathering

Eisenhower redirected the CIA against communism & approved _______ CIA operations.

covert

To coordinate space-related efforts of American scientists & the military, Congress created the _______.

National Aeronautics & Space Administration.

The _______ & _______ provided benefits improving American’s quality of life through development of technologies like microwaves, internet, digital clocks intended for military or space but became available to the population.

space race & arms race

The Korean War demonstrated the US as a global leader in the fight against the spread of communism, in addition to expressing the ideals of the _______.

Truman Doctrine.

_______ is placing natural resources under government control.

Naturalization

The heavily armed area dividing North & South Korea at the 38th parallel is the _______.

de-militarized zone (DMZ).