CAMBRIDGE IELTS 20 - TEST 1 - PASSAGE 1

kākāpō

a large flightless New Zealand parrot that has slightly green plumage

nocturnal

night-active, after-dark, nighttime #diurnal

critically

dangerously, seriously, severely #slightly

endangered

highly threatened, on the brink of extinction, scarce #secure

unique

unusual, uncommon, distinctive #common

pale

light (in color), faint, blanched #bright, clear

forest-dwelling

living in or habitually found in forests

owl-like

looking like an owl

feather

the soft, light covering of a bird's body

forward-facing

facing ahead, oriented to the front, front-directed #backward-facing

predominantly

mainly, primarily, chiefly #rarely

beak

the hard, pointed mouthpart of a bird

relatively

somewhat, comparatively, fairly

lifespan

lifetime, years of life, life cycle

solitary

single, alone, individual #together, sociable, gregarious

occupy

live in, inhabit, reside in

home range

the area in which an animal lives and moves

forage

go searching, especially for food

leap

jump, bound, bounce

flap

wave, tap

descent

fall, drop, decline #ascent

vegetarian

someone who does not eat meat, fish, or poultry #carnivorous

bark

the tough outer covering of a tree

bulb

the round underground part of some plants, which stores food and from which the plant grows

fern frond

the large, divided leave of a fern plant

breed

reproduce, spawn, propagate

plentiful

abundant, ample, generous #scarce

incubation

the process of keeping birds' eggs warm until the young come out

chick-rearing

chick raising, chick care, chick tending #neglect

chick

a baby bird, especially a young chicken

nest

a structure built by birds or insects to leave their eggs in to develop

incubate

hatch, brood, nurture #abandon

unattended

unguarded, neglected, unsupervised #attended

vulnerable

susceptible, at risk, prone #invulnerable

predator

an animal that hunt and eat other animals

arrival

appearance, coming, emergence #departure

settler

colonist, immigrant, pioneer

prey

hunted animal, target, quarry #predator

cloak

a warm piece of clothing like a coat without sleeves that hangs loosely from your shoulders

coloniser

a person who establish control over and settle in new territories

be confined to

restricted, limited, enclosed, constrained #free

accelerate

quicken, speed up, hasten #slow

colonisation

establishment (of control over a place), settlement, occupation #independence

habitat

the natural environment where a species lives and grows

deplete

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available #replenish

stoat

a small, thin animal that has brown fur in summer and white fur in winter, known for preying on birds

launch

start, initiate, commence #end

conservationist

environmentalist, eco-activist

relocate

move, resettle, reposition #remain

predator-free

safe from predators

practically

virtually, almost, nearly #theoretically

cling to life

remain to live, survive, persist #surrender

isolated

remote, solitary, secluded #connected

form

establish, create, set up #dissolve

expedition

a long and carefully organized journey, especially to a dangerous or unfamiliar place

captivity

confinement, imprisonment, detention #freedom

initiative

plan, scheme, project

spot

detect, notice, sight #miss

ferret

a small, yellowish-white animal with a long thin body, bred for hunting rabbits and other small animals

weasel

a small, slender mammal with reddish-brown fur and a long body that can kill other small animals such as mice and birds for food

subsequent

occurring or coming later or after #preceding

predation

hunting, preying, pursuit #protection

feral

wild, undomesticated, untamed #domesticated

rapid

fast, quick, swift #gradual

evacuate

relocate, transfer, transport #stay

sanctuary

(or refuge) an area for birds or animals where they are protected

breeding

reproducing, spawning, propagating #sterility

insufficient

lacking, inadequate, deficient #sufficient

offset

balance, compensate for, make up for

mortality

death rate, fatality, loss of life #survival

prompt

encourage, stimulate, trigger #deter

specialist

expert, authority, professional #amateur

renew

refresh, regenerate #stagnant

control

manage, regulate, restrain

eradicate

remove, put an end to, get rid of #introduce

intensively

thoroughly, rigorously, comprehensively #lightly

supplementary

additional, complementary, extra

hand-raising

caring for and feeding chicks by a human instead of by the parent

failing

weak, deteriorating, struggling #thriving

on target

making good progress or meeting expectations

population

populace, whole number of inhabitants, community

cautious

careful, wary, prudent #reckless

optimism

positive outlook, hopefulness, confidence #pessimism

record

document, note, log

management

administration, control, supervision #mismanagement

guide

direct, lead, pilot #misguide

minimise

reduce, lessen, diminish #maximize

maintain

preserve, sustain, uphold #stop

sufficient

enough, adequate, ample #scarce

accommodate

contain, have room for, shelter #reject, exclude

stakeholder

an individual or a group with an interest in or influence over a specific project or issue