Ch.12 Medical Terminology

Cutane/o, Dermat/o, Derm/o

Skin

Seb/o

Sabaceous gland

Hindr/o

Sweat Gland

Pil/i, Pil/o

Hair

Onych/o, Ungu/o

Nails

Integumentary system

Skin and its related structures

Integument

Cover or Enclose

Skin

Forms the protective outer layer covering external structures

Sebaceous Gland

Secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin

Sweat Gland

Helps regulate body temperature & water content

Hair

Helps control the loss of body heat

Nails

Protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

Skin Layers

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

Cutaneous

Pertaining to skin

Cutane

Skin

-ous

Pertaining to

Epidermis

Outermost layer of skin- Epithelial tissue

Epi-

Above or upon

-is

noun ending

Epithelial Tissue

Protective covering for all internal & external surfaces of the body

Squamous epithelial tissue

Upper layer of epidermis

Squamous Scale-like

Flat, scaly cells continuously spread

Basal layer

Lowest part of the epidermis - when cells reach surface, they die and fill with keratin

Keratin

Fibrous, water-repellent protein, soft keratin in the epidermis & hard keratin in hair and nails

Melanocytes

produce and contain dark brown to black pigment known as melanin

Ultraviolet

refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum of the violet end

Dermis/corium

Thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. (Connective tissue, blood, and lymph vessels, Nerve fibers)

Sensory Noun endings

touch, temp, pain, and pressure

Collagen

glue, tough yet flexible, a fiber's protein material found in the skin and also in bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Mast Cells

found in connective tissue, respond, injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances

Heparin

released in response to an injury

Anticoagulant

prevent blood clotting

Histamine

release and response to allergens

Subcutaneous layer

located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscle muscles

Adipose tissue

Loose connective tissue

Adipose

Fat

Cellulite

deposit of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs

Lipocytes - fat cells

Predominant in the subcutaneous layer, where they manufacture & store large quantities of fat

Lip/o

fat

-cytes

cells

Sebaceous Glands

Located in the dermis layer of skin and are closely associated with hair follicles

Sebum

Oily Substance- released through ducts

Sweat glands/Sudoriferous glands

Tiny, coiled glands found on all body surface

Apocrine Glands

Found in hair follicles

Eccrine Glands

Open onto skin (palms, soles of feet, forehead)

Pores

Openings on the surface of the skin act as ducts of sweat glands

Perspiration

Sweat, secreted by sweat glands- & 99% water and salt

Hidrosis

Production and excretion of perspiration

Mammary Glands

Modified sweat glands- classified with the integumentary system and part of reproduction system

Hair

Fibers are rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin.

Hair Follicles

Sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

Accector Pili

Tiny muscle fibers- attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

Unguis

Finger nail or toe nail- the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface

Nail plate

translucent, closely, molded to the surface of the underlying tissue and made up of hard, keratinized plates of epidermal cells

Nail Bed

Skin underneath the nail plate, joins the nail to underlying connective tissue

Free edge

Portion of nail not attached to the nail bed

Lunula

A half-moon-shaped region at every nail root

Luna

Moon

-ula

Little

Cuticle

narrow brand of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail, protecting keratin cells as they form

Nail root

Fastens the nails to the finger or toe

Plastic surgeon

Surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures

Plastic - plasty

Surgical Repair

Cosmetic Surgeons

Plastic surgeons who perform operations

Acne Vulgaris

Acne- Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin

Vulgaris

Common

Comedo

Non-infected lesion formed by build up of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle

White head

Comedo with an obstructed opening

Black head

A sebum plug that is exposed to air often oxidizes

Epidermis Cyst - Sebaceous cyst

Closed sac that is found under the skin

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Inflammation sometimes resulting from over activity of sebaceous glands causes scaling and itching

Seb/o

Sebum

-rrheic

Pertaining to flow or discharge

Seborrheic dermatitis

Dandruff- cradle cap

Seborrheic Keratosis

Benign- skin growth that has waxy or “passed on” look

Anhidrosis- hypohidrosis

Abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

an-

without

Hindr

sweat

Diaphoresis

Profuse sweating

Phor

Movement

-esis

Abnormal condition

Heat Rash or Prickly Heat

Intensive itch rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

Heatstroke or sunstroke

Emergency caused by prolonged exposure to heat/high temp- raised heart rate

Hyperhidrosis

Condition of excessive sweating in one area or whole body

Sleep Hydrosis

Night sweats- excessive nightly sweating

Folliculitis

Inflammation in the hair follicles

Follicul

Hair follicle

Hot tub folliculitis

Poorly chlorinated hot tubs

Trichomyocosis Axillaris

Superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands

Trich/o

hair

Myc

Fungal

Axill

Armpit

-ary

Pertaining to

Hirsutism

presence of excessive body and facial hair in women

Hirsut-

Hairy

-ism

Condition

Alopecia

Baldness - partial or complete loss of hair

Alopec

Baldness

-ia

Abnormal condition

Alopecia areata

Autoimmune disorder that attacks hair follicles