AEMT Pharmacology Quiz #1 (Albuterol, Atrovent, Duoneb & Oxygen)

What is the Classification of Albuterol?

Sympathomimetic bronchodilator

What are the Indications of a patient needing Albuterol?

Difficulty breathing associated with asthma and exacerbation of COPD.

What are the contraindications of Albuterol?

Hypersensitivity, Symptomatic tachycardia.

What are some precautions you should be worried about with Albuterol?

Increased heart-rate and Myocardial Oxygen demand. Use CAUTION with patients who have heart disease.

What are the side effects of Albuterol?

Anxiety, Palpitations, chest discomfort, headache, sweating and nausea / vomiting.

What are the interactions of Albuterol?

Should NOT be administered with other beta agonists.

What is the dosage of Albuterol?

Administer as part of a DuoNeb treatment with ipratropium bromide (2.5 mg in 3 ml) q 5 minutes up to 3 doses. May repeat Albuterol as needed, q 5 minutes.

What is the delivery route of Albuterol?

Inhalation

What is the Classification of Atrovent (Ipatropium Bromide)?

Parasympatholytic bronchodilator, anticholinergic

What are the Indications of a patient needing Atrovent?

Difficulty breathing associated with asthma and exacerbation of COPD.

What are the contraindications of Atrovent?

Do NOT use in patients with hypersensitivity to Ipratropium, atropine, Alkaloids soy protein or peanuts.

What are some precautions you should be worried about with Atrovent?

Atrovent is not a fast-acting medication and is not as effective by itself, particularly in emergency situations.

What are the side effects of Atrovent?

Anxiety, palpitations, chest discomfort, headache, sweating, nausea / vomiting, dry mouth and blurred vision.

What are the interactions of Atrovent?

Using Atrovent in combination with Acetylcholinestrase inhibitors will decrease effectiveness of both medications but is rarely relevant in an emergency setting.

What is the dosage for Atrovent?

May administer as part of a duoneb, q 5 minutes up to three doses. 500 mcg combined with albuterol in 3 ml. Nebulizers should be delivered by hand held or mask nebs with O2 set to 6-8 LPM.

What is the delivery route for Atrovent?

Inhalation

What are the Indications of a patient needing Duoneb?

Relief of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease and acute attacks of bronchospasms. Examples

What is the Classification of Duoneb?

Bronchodilator Combination

What is the Classification of Duoneb?

Albuterol sulfate and ipatropium bromide

What is the Dosage of Duoneb?

0.5/3mL vial ( 0.5 ipatropium bromide and 2.5 albuterol) = 0.5mg every 5-15 minutes.

What are some Indications requiring Duoneb?

COPD exacerbation, wheezing, shortness of breath, bronchitis, emphysema

What are the Contraindications of Duoneb?

hypersensitivity, worsening breathing problems, overuse, specific eye conditions (glaucoma).

What are the Side effects of Duoneb?

dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, shaking/tremors, nervousness, muscle weakness, stuffy/runny nose, sore throat.

What are the delivery Routes of Duoneb?

neb T or Full mask

What is the Classification of Oxygen

Oxidizer

What is the Dosage of Oxygen

Titrate to maintain SPO2 of 95%. Lower concentration should be used with baseline below 94%.

What are some Indications requiring Oxygen?

Hypoxia, or suspected hypoxia ( SPO2 below 95%)

What are the Contraindications of Oxygen?

None

What are the Side effects of Oxygen?

no significant side effects with short term use.

What is the delivery Routes of Oxygen?

nasal cannula (1-6L) non rebreather ( 7L and higher) BVM,CPAP, advanced airways use accordingly. Oxygen Is not flammable. Every 1 liter =4% increase in supply