(staples cards) Management exam one

strengths, weaknesses

When a manager is good at their job, they highlight their team’s ____ and their individual _____ don’t matter.

Functional areas of business

Activities needed to run a business

Finance, marketing, accounting, management

What are the four functional areas of business?

organizational goals, planning, organizing, leading, controlling

Management is the attainment of _______ in an effective and efficient manner through ____,____, ____, and _____ organizational resources.

environmental

____ shifts impact management

environmental shifts

Technology, shift from a goods-producing to knowledge/info based economy, global market forces, and shifting expectations from employees and customers are all examples of what?

Blockbuster

What is a major company that went out of business because they did not respond to environmental shifts?

Planning, organizing, leading, controlling

Four functions of a manager?

Organizational effectiveness

Degrees to which the organization achieves a stated goal; gets the job done

Organizational efficiiency

Refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organizational goal

Technical, human, and conceptual

What are the three categories of management skills?

technical skills

what kind of skill is most important to lower-level management?

conceptual skills

what kind of skill is most important to top level management?

Lower-level management

When level of management is responsible for production of goods or services?

Peter Drucker

Who said this quote? “Time is the scarcest resource and unless it is managed, nothing else can be managed”

Time management

What are techniques that enable you to get more done in less time?

Going to the dark side

What is the change called when you switch from focusing solely on being an individual contributor within your field to the more people-focused and strategic responsibilities of management (“Get things done through own efforts” -> “Get things done through others”)

horizontal management

General managers, functional managers, line managers, staff managers are all encompassed in what management types?

several departments that perform different functions

What are general managers responsible for?

departments that perform a single task

What are functional managers responsible for?

Temporary work projects involving people from different functions and levels

What are project managers responsible for? (Involves people all different parts of management)

Responsible for departments that perform a core function of the organization

What are line managers responsible for?

One is concerned with the product, the other is concerned with supporting the people that produce it (production supervisor vs HR manager)

How are line managers and staff managers different?

departments that support the organization's line departments with specialized advisory or support functions

What are staff managers responsible for?

informational, interpersonal, decisional

What are the three categories for the “ten manager roles” (the hats managers wear as part of their job)

Management perspectives

How we’ve viewed how we should manage people and the goals of our management over time are known as what?

The classical perspective

What is the first management perspective?

Things of production (Production efficiency through organizational design and workflow systems)

What was the focus of the classical perspective?

factory, individual

Before the ____ system. Products were made one by one by ____ workers.

Mass produce

The factory system used powered machinery, division of labor, and unskilled workers in a centralized workplace to _____.

Factories

What was the first start of mass employment (other than the military)?

Industrial

Under what revolution did the classical perspective emerge?

Scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, administrative principles, management science

Four subfields of the classical perspective?

the military

What was used for the blueprint for factory management (because it was the only org that had experience managing large numbers of people before this)

weekly paycheck, stability

what was the appeal of working in a factory for employees?

farmers

What were most employees before holding factory jobs?

Scientific management

What kind of management sought to improve efficiency and labor productivity (effectiveness) through scientific methods?

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Who is the father of scientific management? Proposed workers could be retooled like machines.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Married couple that pioneered time and motion studies to promote efficiency (ex. studied brick layers and were able to double daily output). Scientific management tool still used in modern day

Standard, appropriate ability, interruptions, wage

____ method for performing job, selecting workers with _____ _____ for each job, planning work and eliminating ____, and providing _____ incentives are all part of the scientific management style.

compensation, task, selection, training

Scientific management (contributions):

• Demonstrated the importance of ____ for performance

• Initiated the careful study of ___ and jobs

• Demonstrated the importance of personnel ____ and ____

social context, variance, uninformed

Scientific management (criticisms):

• Did not appreciate the ____ of worker and needs of workers

• Did not acknowledge _____ among individuals

• Tended to regard workers as _____ and ignored their ideas and suggestions

Rules and records (very strict)

Bureaucratic organizations depend on _____.

max weber

Who introduced the concepts for a bureaucratic organization?

impersonal, power

In a bureaucratic organization, the organization is managed in a very _____, rational basis. Managers use ___ instead of personality to delegate. 

scientific

Henry fayol was a major contributor to what type of management?

general principles of management, functions of management

Henry fayol listed 14_______ and identified 5 _______

The military during WW2

Management science (aka quantitative perspective) was developed for what during what time period?

math and statistics

What (2) skills does management science apply?

Management science

• Operations research

• Operations management

• Information technology (IT)

Are subsets of what?

Humanistic perspective (early advocates of how we see management now)

What is the second management perspective?

The importance of people rather than engineering techniques.

What did the early humanistic management perspective emphasize?

Human behaviors, needs, and attitudes.

What did early humanistic management advocates aim to understand in the workplace?

Mary Parker Follett and Chester Barnard.

Who were two key early advocates of the humanistic perspective?

Empower

Did early humanistic advocates want to “control” or “empower” workers?

Humanistic perspective

A management approach that uses psychology, sociology, and economics to develop theories about human behavior (behavioral science approach), is called what?

Understand people and treat them better → they become more productive

Why does the behavioral sciences approach help improve productivity?

Controlling leadership

Kind of leadership that has close monitoring and micromanagement. Employees have very little autonomy 

Empowering leadership

Kind of leadership that gives employees the authority, resources, and support to make their own decisions. Employees feel trusted, respected, and motivated to contribute 

The Hawthorne Studies.

What major set of studies influenced the Human Relations Movement?

1927 - 1932.

When were the Hawthorne Studies conducted?

Elton Mayo, a factory

Who conducted the Hawthorne Studies and where?

“Hawthorne Effect” (workers improve performance when they know they are being observed).

What key concept (effect) resulted from the Hawthorne Studies?

The “commanding” strategy.

During what type of management strategy did the Hawthorne Studies take place?

satisfied workers produce more work

What did the Human Relations Movement propose about worker satisfaction?

Douglas McGregor

Who developed Theory X and Theory Y (management assumptions about workers)?

Theory X

These are the assumptions of which theory? Workers dislike work, avoid it when possible, and must be closely managed, coerced, threatened, or punished.

Theory Y

These are the assumptions of which theory? Workers like work, and will show self-control and self-direction when committed to goals.

1880’s

What decade did the classical perspective begin?

1930’s

What decade did the humanistic perspective begin?

1950’s

What decade did the systems thinking approach begin?

1960’s

What decade did the contingency view perspective begin?

1970’s

What decade did the total quality management perspective begin?

1990’s

What decade did the Artificial Intelligence (Administration, nudge management) perspective begin?

2000’s

What decade did the Technology-driven workplace (internet of things, big data analysis) perspective begin?

2000’s

What decade did the people-driven workplace (employee engagement, radical decentralization) perspective begin?

systems thinking

“Managers must understand subsystem interdependence and synergy” is key in what type of management style that focuses on not just the things that go into the final product (like employees and work style) or the final product, but how all those things interact with each other.

synergy

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Part of the systems thinking approach

Contingency View

Managers must determine what method will work in every new situation. This refers to what approach?

Case view, universalist view

What are the two parts that come together to form the contingency view?

Case view

“every citation is unique” refers to what kind of view? (contingency view)

Universalist view

“There is one best way” refers to what kind of view? (Contingency view)

responses, problems

In the contingency view: Managers devise and apply similar _____ to common types of _____. Organizational phenomena exist in logical patterns

AI, technology-driven workplace, people-driven workplace

What are the three new mangement viewpoints that have come about in the past 30 years?

People-driven workplace

Radical decentralization and employee engagement are key factors in what new management viewpoint?

Radical decentralization

Employees have authority to make key decisions about their work, eliminating much of hierarchical reporting. Employees given more responsibility → theory y

Employee engagement

The emotional commitment the employee has to the organization and its goals (doesn’t refer to employee happiness or satisfaction).

AI

Tech by which computer systems learn, communicate, make decisions similar to or better than humans can (does work people don’t like doing)

Nudge management

Applying behavioral science insights in organizational design to guide people toward behaviors. ie. suggestive selling to employees rather than just telling them what to do

Holacracy

System of self management in the workplace. No one has a boss and employees decide on their own what to do and what projects to take. (When used, it is usually by really cutting edge innovative companies)

In the center

Where does “organization” lie in the task and general environment chart?

Employees, management, corporate culture

What factors (3) go into an “organization”?

middle

Where is task environment on the chart (center, middle, outside)?

Task

“___” environment factors affect organizations directly.

General

“___” environment factors affect organizations indirectly.

competitors, suppliers, labor market, customers

What are the four factors that go into the task environment?

International, technology, legal/political, sociocultural, natural, economic

What are the six factors that go into the general environment?

customers

“people and organizations that acquire goods or services from the organization” is what factor of the task environment?

competitors

“ organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers” is what factor of the task environment?

Suppliers

“people and organizations that provide the raw materials that the organization uses to produce its output” is what factor of the task enviornment?